PHP Cookbook – David Sklar, Adam Trachtenberg – 2nd Edition

Chapter 1 Strings

Introduction

Accessing Substrings

Extracting Substrings

Replacing Substrings

Processing a String One Byte at a Time

Reversing a String by Word or Byte

Expanding and Compressing Tabs

Controlling Case

Interpolating Functions and Expressions Within Strings

Trimming Blanks from a String

Generating Comma-Separated Data

Parsing Comma-Separated Data

Generating Fixed-Width Field Data Records

Parsing Fixed-Width Field Data Records

Taking Strings Apart

Wrapping Text at a Certain Line Length

Storing Binary Data in Strings

Program: Downloadable CSV File

Chapter 2 Numbers

Introduction

Checking Whether a Variable Contains a Valid Number

Comparing Floating-Point Numbers

Rounding Floating-Point Numbers

Operating on a Series of Integers

Generating Random Numbers Within a Range

Generating Biased Random Numbers

Taking Logarithms

Calculating Exponents

Formatting Numbers

Formatting Monetary Values

Printing Correct Plurals

Calculating Trigonometric Functions

Doing Trigonometry in Degrees, Not Radians

Handling Very Large or Very Small Numbers

Converting Between Bases

Calculating Using Numbers in Bases Other Than Decimal

Finding the Distance Between Two Places

Chapter 3 Dates and Times

Introduction

Finding the Current Date and Time

Converting Time and Date Parts to an Epoch Timestamp

Converting an Epoch Timestamp to Time and Date Parts

Printing a Date or Time in a Specified Format

Finding the Difference of Two Dates

Finding the Difference of Two Dates with Julian Days

Finding the Day in a Week, Month, or Year

Validating a Date

Parsing Dates and Times from Strings

Adding to or Subtracting from a Date

Calculating Time with Time Zones

Accounting for Daylight Savings Time

Generating a High-Precision Time

Generating Time Ranges

Using Non-Gregorian Calendars

Using Dates Outside the Range of an Epoch Timestamp

Program: Calendar

Chapter 4 Arrays

Introduction

Specifying an Array Not Beginning at Element 0

Storing Multiple Elements Per Key in an Array

Initializing an Array to a Range of Integers

Iterating Through an Array

Deleting Elements from an Array

Changing Array Size

Appending One Array to Another

Turning an Array into a String

Printing an Array with Commas

Checking if a Key Is in an Array

Checking if an Element Is in an Array

Finding the Position of a Value in an Array

Finding Elements That Pass a Certain Test

Finding the Largest or Smallest Valued Element in an Array

Reversing an Array

Sorting an Array

Sorting an Array by a Computable Field

Sorting Multiple Arrays

Sorting an Array Using a Method Instead of a Function

Randomizing an Array

Removing Duplicate Elements from an Array

Applying a Function to Each Element in an Array

Finding the Union, Intersection, or Difference of Two Arrays

Making an Object Act like an Array

Program: Printing a Horizontally Columned HTML Table

Chapter 5 Variables

Introduction

Avoiding == Versus = Confusion

Establishing a Default Value

Exchanging Values Without Using Temporary Variables

Creating a Dynamic Variable Name

Using Static Variables

Sharing Variables Between Processes

Encapsulating Complex Data Types in a String

Dumping Variable Contents as Strings

Chapter 6 Functions

Introduction

Accessing Function Parameters

Setting Default Values for Function Parameters

Passing Values by Reference

Using Named Parameters

Creating Functions That Take a Variable Number of Arguments

Returning Values by Reference

Returning More Than One Value

Skipping Selected Return Values

Returning Failure

Calling Variable Functions

Accessing a Global Variable Inside a Function

Creating Dynamic Functions

Chapter 7 Classes and Objects

Introduction

Instantiating Objects

Defining Object Constructors

Defining Object Destructors

Implementing Access Control

Preventing Changes to Classes and Methods

Defining Object Stringification

Specifying Interfaces

Creating Abstract Base Classes

Assigning Object References

Cloning Objects

Overriding Property Accesses

Calling Methods on an Object Returned by Another Method

Aggregating Objects

Accessing Overridden Methods

Using Method Polymorphism

Defining Class Constants

Defining Static Properties and Methods

Controlling Object Serialization

Introspecting Objects

Checking if an Object Is an Instance of a Specific Class

Autoloading Class Files upon Object Instantiation

Instantiating an Object Dynamically

Program: whereis

Chapter 8 Web Basics

Introduction

Setting Cookies

Reading Cookie Values

Deleting Cookies

Redirecting to a Different Location

Detecting Different Browsers

Building a Query String

Reading the Post Request Body

Generating HTML Tables with Alternating Row Styles

Using HTTP Basic or Digest Authentication

Using Cookie Authentication

Flushing Output to the Browser

Buffering Output to the Browser

Compressing Web Output

Reading Environment Variables

Setting Environment Variables

Communicating Within Apache

Program: Web Site Account (De)activator

Program: Tiny Wiki

Chapter 9 Form

Introduction

Processing Form Input

Validating Form Input: Required Fields

Validating Form Input: Numbers

Validating Form Input: Email Addresses

Validating Form Input: Drop-Down Menus

Validating Form Input: Radio Buttons

Validating Form Input: Checkboxes

Validating Form Input: Dates and Times

Validating Form Input: Credit Cards

Preventing Cross-Site Scripting

Working with Multipage Forms

Redisplaying Forms with Inline Error Messages

Guarding Against Multiple Submission of the Same Form

Processing Uploaded Files

Preventing Global Variable Injection

Handling Remote Variables with Periods in Their Names

Using Form Elements with Multiple Options

Creating Drop-Down Menus Based on the Current Date

Chapter 10 Database Access

Introduction

Using DBM Databases

Using an SQLite Database

Connecting to an SQL Database

Querying an SQL Database

Retrieving Rows Without a Loop

Modifying Data in an SQL Database

Repeating Queries Efficiently

Finding the Number of Rows Returned by a Query

Escaping Quotes

Logging Debugging Information and Errors

Creating Unique Identifiers

Building Queries Programmatically

Making Paginated Links for a Series of Records

Caching Queries and Results

Accessing a Database Connection Anywhere in Your Program

Program: Storing a Threaded Message Board

Chapter 11 Sessions and Data Persistence

Introduction

Using Session Tracking

Preventing Session Hijacking

Preventing Session Fixation

Storing Sessions in a Database

Storing Sessions in Shared Memory

Storing Arbitrary Data in Shared Memory

Caching Calculated Results in Summary Tables

Chapter 12 XML

Introduction

Generating XML as a String

Generating XML with the DOM

Parsing Basic XML Documents

Parsing Complex XML Documents

Parsing Large XML Documents

Extracting Information Using XPath

Transforming XML with XSLT

Setting XSLT Parameters from PHP

Calling PHP Functions from XSLT Stylesheets

Validating XML Documents

Handling Content Encoding

Reading RSS and Atom Feeds

Writing RSS Feeds

Writing Atom Feeds

Chapter 13 Web Automation

Introduction

Fetching a URL with the Get Method

Fetching a URL with the Post Method

Fetching a URL with Cookies

Fetching a URL with Arbitrary Headers

Fetching a URL with an Arbitrary Method

Fetching a URL with a Timeout

Fetching an HTTPS URL

Debugging the Raw HTTP Exchange

Marking Up a Web Page

Cleaning Up Broken or Nonstandard HTML

Extracting Links from an HTML File

Converting Plain Text to HTML

Converting HTML to Plain Text

Removing HTML and PHP Tags

Responding to an Ajax Request

Integrating with JavaScript

Program: Finding Stale Links

Program: Finding Fresh Links

Chapter 14 Consuming Web Services

Introduction

Calling a REST Method

Calling a SOAP Method with WSDL

Calling a SOAP Method Without WSDL

Debugging SOAP Requests

Using Complex SOAP Types

Setting SOAP Types

Using SOAP Headers

Using Authentication with SOAP

Redefining an Endpoint

Catching SOAP Faults

Mapping XML Schema Data Types to PHP Classes

Calling an XML-RPC Method

Using Authentication with XML-RPC

Chapter 15 Building Web Services

Introduction

Serving a REST Method

Serving a SOAP Method

Accepting Arguments in a SOAP Method

Generating WSDL Automatically

Throwing SOAP Faults

Processing a SOAP Header

Generating a SOAP Header

Using Authentication with SOAP

Serving an XML-RPC Method

Chapter 16 Internet Services

Introduction

Sending Mail

Sending MIME Mail

Reading Mail with IMAP or POP3

Posting Messages to Usenet Newsgroups

Reading Usenet News Messages

Getting and Putting Files with FTP

Looking Up Addresses with LDAP

Using LDAP for User Authentication

Performing DNS Lookups

Checking if a Host Is Alive

Getting Information About a Domain Name

Chapter 17 Graphics

Introduction

Drawing Lines, Rectangles, and Polygons

Drawing Arcs, Ellipses, and Circles

Drawing with Patterned Lines

Drawing Text

Drawing Centered Text

Building Dynamic Images

Getting and Setting a Transparent Color

Reading EXIF Data

Serving Images Securely

Program: Generating Bar Charts from Poll Results

Chapter 18 Security and Encryption

Introduction

Preventing Session Fixation

Protecting Against Form Spoofing

Ensuring Input Is Filtered

Avoiding Cross-Site Scripting

Eliminating SQL Injection

Keeping Passwords Out of Your Site Files

Storing Passwords

Dealing with Lost Passwords

Verifying Data with Hashes

Encrypting and Decrypting Data

Storing Encrypted Data in a File or Database

Sharing Encrypted Data with Another Web Site

Detecting SSL

Encrypting Email with GPG

Chapter 19 Internationalization and Localization

Introduction

Listing Available Locales

Using a Particular Locale

Setting the Default Locale

Localizing Text Messages

Localizing Dates and Times

Localizing Currency Values

Localizing Images

Localizing Included Files

Managing Localization Resources

Using gettext

Setting the Character Encoding of Outgoing Data

Setting the Character Encoding of Incoming Data

Manipulating UTF-8 Text

Chapter 20 Error Handling, Debugging, and Testing

Introduction

Finding and Fixing Parse Errors

Creating Your Own Exception Classes

Printing a Stack Trace

Reading Configuration Variables

Setting Configuration Variables

Hiding Error Messages from Users

Tuning Error Handling

Using a Custom Error Handler

Logging Errors

Eliminating "headers already sent" Errors

Logging Debugging Information

Using a Debugger Extension

Writing a Unit Test

Writing a Unit Test Suite

Applying a Unit Test to a Web Page

Setting Up a Test Environment

Chapter 21 Performance Tuning and Load Testing

Introduction

Timing Function Execution

Timing Program Execution

Profiling with a Debugger Extension

Stress Testing Your Web Site

Avoiding Regular Expressions

Using an Accelerator

Chapter 22 Regular Expressions

Introduction

Switching from ereg to preg

Matching Words

Finding the nth Occurrence of a Match

Choosing Greedy or Nongreedy Matches

Finding All Lines in a File That Match a Pattern

Capturing Text Inside HTML Tags

Preventing Parentheses from Capturing Text

Escaping Special Characters in a Regular Expression

Reading Records with a Pattern Separator

Using a PHP Function in a Regular Expression

Chapter 23 Files

Introduction

Creating or Opening a Local File

Creating a Temporary File

Opening a Remote File

Reading from Standard Input

Reading a File into a String

Counting Lines, Paragraphs, or Records in a File

Processing Every Word in a File

Picking a Random Line from a File

Randomizing All Lines in a File

Processing Variable-Length Text Fields

Reading Configuration Files

Modifying a File in Place Without a Temporary File

Flushing Output to a File

Writing to Standard Output

Writing to Many Filehandles Simultaneously

Escaping Shell Metacharacters

Passing Input to a Program

Reading Standard Output from a Program

Reading Standard Error from a Program

Locking a File

Reading and Writing Custom File Types

Reading and Writing Compressed Files

Chapter 24 Directories

Introduction

Getting and Setting File Timestamps

Getting File Information

Changing File Permissions or Ownership

Splitting a Filename into Its Component Parts

Deleting a File

Copying or Moving a File

Processing All Files in a Directory

Getting a List of Filenames Matching a Pattern

Processing All Files in a Directory Recursively

Making New Directories

Removing a Directory and Its Contents

Program: Web Server Directory Listing

Program: Site Search

Chapter 25 Command-Line PHP

Introduction

Parsing Program Arguments

Parsing Program Arguments with getopt

Reading from the Keyboard

Running PHP Code on Every Line of an Input File

Reading Passwords

Program: Command Shell

Chapter 26 PEAR and PECL

Introduction

Using the PEAR Installer

Finding PEAR Packages

Finding Information About a Package

Installing PEAR Packages

Upgrading PEAR Packages

Uninstalling PEAR Packages

Installing PECL Packages

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