Principles of Instrumental Analysis – Douglas A. Skoog, F. James Holler, Stanley R. Crouch – 7th Edition

Preface

Chapter 1: Introduction
1A Classification of Analytical Methods
1B Types of Instrumental Methods
1C Instruments for Analysis
1D Calibration of Instrumental Methods
1E Selecting an Analytical Method
Questions and Problems
Section 1: Measurement Basics

Chapter 2: Electrical Components and Circuits
2A Direct-Current Circuits and Measurements
2B Alternating Current Circuits
2C Semiconductors and Semiconductor Devices
2D Power Supplies and Regulators
2E Readout Devices
Questions and Problems

Chapter 3: Operational Amplifiers in Chemical Instrumentation
3A Properties of Operational Amplifiers
3B Operational Amplifier Circuits
3C Amplification and Measurement of Transducer Signals
3D Application of Operational Amplifiers to Voltage and Current Control
3E Application of Operational Amplifiers to Mathematical Operations
3F Applications of Operational Amplifiers to Comparison
Questions and Problems

Chapter 4: Digital Electronics and Computers
4A Analog and Digital Signals
4B Counting and Arithmetic with Binary Numbers
4C Basic Digital Circuits
4D Computers and Computerized Instruments
4E Components of a Computer
4F Computer Software
4G Applications of Computers
4H Computer Networks
Questions and Problems

Chapter 5: Signals and Noise
5A The Signal-to-Noise Ratio
5B Sources of Noise in Instrumental Analyses
5C Signal-to-Noise Enhancement
Questions and Problems
Instrumental Analysis in Action - The Electronic Analytical Laboratory
Section 2: Atomic Spectroscopy

Chapter 6: An Introduction to Spectrometric Methods
6A General Properties of Electromagnetic Radiation
6B Wave Properties of Electromagnetic Radiation
6C Quantum-Mechanical Properties of Radiation
6D Quantitative Aspects of Spectrochemical Measurements
Questions and Problems

Chapter 7: Components of Optical Instruments
7A General Designs of Optical Instruments
7B Sources of Radiation
7C Wavelength Selectors
7D Sample Containers
7E Radiation Transducers
7F Signal Processors and Readouts
7G Fiber Optics
7H Types of Optical Instruments
7I Principles of Fourier Transform Optical Measurements
Questions and Problems

Chapter 8: An Introduction to Optical Atomic Spectrometry
8A Optical Atomic Spectra
8B Atomization Methods
8C Sample-Introduction Methods
Questions and Problems

Chapter 9: Atomic Absorption and Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry
9A Sample Atomization Techniques
9B Atomic Absorption Instrumentation
9C Interferences in Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy
9D Atomic Absorption Analytical Techniques
9E Atomic Fluorescence Spectroscopy
Questions and Problems

Chapter 10: Atomic Emission Spectrometry
10A Emission Spectroscopy Based on Plasma Sources
10B Emission Spectroscopy Based on Arc and Spark Sources
10C Other Sources for Optical Emission Spectroscopy
Questions and Problems

Chapter 11: Atomic Mass Spectrometry
11A Some General Features of Atomic Mass Spectrometry
11B Mass Spectrometers
11C Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry
11D Spark Source Mass Spectrometry
11E Glow-Discharge Mass Spectrometry
11F Other Mass Spectrometric Methods
Questions and Problems

Chapter 12: Atomic X-ray Spectrometry
12A Fundamental Principles
12B Instrument Components
12C X-ray Fluorescence Methods
12D X-ray Absorption Methods
12E The Electron Microprobe
Questions and Problems
Instrumental Analysis in Action - Monitoring Mercury
Section 3: Molecular Spectroscopy

Chapter 13: An Introduction to Ultraviolet-Visible Molecular Absorption Spectrometry
13A Measurement of Transmittance and Absorbance
13B Beer's Law
13C The Effects of Instrumental Noise on Spectrophotometric Analyses
13D Instrumentation
Questions and Problems

Chapter 14: Applications of Ultraviolet-Visible Molecular Absorption Spectrometry
14A The Magnitude of Molar Absorptivities
14B Absorbing Species
14C Qualitative Applications of Ultraviolet Visible Absorption Spectroscopy
14D Quantitative Analysis by Absorption Measurements
14E Photometric and Spectrophotometric Titrations
14F Spectrophotometric Kinetic Methods
14G Spectrophotometric Studies of Complex Ions
Questions and Problems

Chapter 15: Molecular Luminescence Spectrometry
15A Theory of Fluorescence and Phosphorescence
15B Fluorescence and Phosphorescene Instrumentation
15C Applications of Photoluminescence Methods
15D Chemiluminescence
Questions and Problems

Chapter 16: An Introduction to Infrared Spectrometry
16A Theory of IR Absorption Spectrometry
16B IR Instrumentation
16C IR Sources and Transducers
Questions and Problems

Chapter 17: Applications of Infrared Spectrometry
17A Mid-IR Absorption Spectrometry
17B Mid-IR Reflection Spectrometry
17C Photoacoustic IR Spectroscopy
17D Near-IR Spectroscopy
17E Far-IR Spectroscopy
17F IR Emission Spectroscopy
17G IR Microscopy and Imaging
Questions and Problems

Chapter 18: Raman Spectroscopy
18A Theory of Raman Spectroscopy
18B Instrumentation
18C Applications of Raman Spectroscopy
18D Other Types of Raman Spectroscopy
Questions and Problems

Chapter 19: Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
19A Theory of NMR
19B Environmental Effects on NMR Spectra
19C NMR Spectrometers
19D Applications of Proton NMR
19E Carbon-13 NMR
19F Application of NMR to Other Nuclei
19G Multiple Pulse and Multidimensional NMR
19H Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Questions and Problems

Chapter 20: Molecular Mass Spectrometry
20A Molecular Mass Spectra
20B Ion Sources
20C Mass Spectrometers
20D Applications of Molecular Mass Spectrometry
20E Quantitative Applications of Mass Spectrometry
Questions and Problems

Chapter 21: Surface Characterization by Spectroscopy and Microscopy
21A Introduction to the Study of Surfaces
21B Spectroscopic Surface Methods
21C Electron Spectroscopy
21D Ion Spectroscopic Techniques
21E Surface Photon Spectroscopic Methods
21F Electron-Stimulated Microanalysis Methods
21G Scanning Probe Microscopes
Questions and Problems
Instrumental Analysis in Action - Assessing the Authenticity of the Vinland Map: Surface Analysis in
Section 4: Electroanalytical Chemistry

Chapter 22: An Introduction to Electroanalytical Chemistry
22A Electrochemical Cells
22B Potentials in Electroanalytical Cells
22C Electrode Potentials
22D Calculation of Cell Potentials from Electrode Potentials
22E Currents in Electrochemical Cells
22F Types of Electroanalytical Methods
Questions and Problems

Chapter 23: Potentiometry
23A General Principles
23B Reference Electrodes
23C Metallic Indicator Electrodes
23D Membrane Indicator Electrodes
23E Ion-Selective Field-Effect Transistors
23F Molecular-Selective Electrode Systems
23G Instruments for Measuring Cell Potentials
23H Direct Potentiometric Measurements
23I Potentiometric Titrations
Questions and Problems

Chapter 24: Coulometry
24A Current-Voltage Relationships during an Electrolysis
24B An Introduction to Coulometric Methods of Analysis
24C Controlled-Potential Coulometry
24D Coulometric Titrations
Questions and Problems

Chapter 25: Voltammetry
25A Excitation Signals in Voltammetry
25B Voltammetric Instrumentation
25C Hydrodynamic Voltammetry
25D Cyclic Voltammetry
25E Pulse Voltammetry
25F High-Frequency and High-Speed Voltammetry
25G Applications of Voltammetry
25H Stripping Methods
25I Voltammetry with Microelectrodes
Questions and Problems
Instrumental Analysis in Action - Measuring the Parts to Understand the Whole: The Microphysiometer
Section 5: Separation Methods

Chapter 26: An Introduction to Chromatographic Separations
26A General Description of Chromatography
26B Migration Rates of Solutes
26C Band Broadening and Column Efficiency
26D Optimization of Column Performance
26E Summary of Chromatographic Relationships
26F Applications of Chromatography
Questions and Problems

Chapter 27: Gas Chromatography
27A Principles of GLC
27B Instruments for GLC
27C Gas Chromatographic Columns and Stationary Phases
27D Applications of GC
27E Advances in GC
27F Gas-Solid Chromatography
Questions and Problems

Chapter 28: High-Performance Liquid Chromatography
28A Scope of HPLC
28B Column Efficiency in LC
28C Instrumentation
28D Partition Chromatography
28E Adsorption Chromatography
28F Ion Chromatography
28G Size-Exclusion Chromatography
28H Affinity Chromatography
28I Thin-Layer Chromatography
Questions and Problems

Chapter 29: Supercritical Fluid Chromatography and Extraction
29A Properties of Supercritical Fluids
29B Supercritical Fluid Chromatography
29C Supercritical Fluid Extraction
Questions and Problems

Chapter 30: Capillary Electrophoresis, Electrochromatography, and Field-Flow Fractionation
30A An Overview of Electrophoresis
30B Capillary Electrophoresis
30C Applications of CE
30D Packed Column Electrochromatography
30E Field-Flow Fractionation
Questions and Problems
Instrumental Analysis in Action - The Bisphenol A Controversy
Section 6: Miscellaneous Methods

Chapter 31: Thermal Methods
31A Thermogravimetric Analysis
31B Differential Thermal Analysis
31C Differential Scanning Calorimetry
31D Microthermal Analysis
Questions and Problems

Chapter 32: Radiochemical Methods
32A Radioactive Nuclides
32B Instrumentation
32C Neutron Activation Methods
32D Isotope Dilution Methods
Questions and Problems

Chapter 33: Automated Methods of Analysis
33A Overview
33B Flow Injection Analysis
33C Microfluidics
33D Discrete Automatic Systems
Questions and Problems

Chapter 34: Particle Size Determination
34A Introduction to Particle Size Analysis
34B Low-Angle Laser Light Scattering
34C Dynamic Light Scattering
34D Photosedimentation
Questions and Problems
Instrumental Analysis in Action - The John F. Kennedy Assassinaton

Appendix 1: Evaluation of Analytical Data
Appendix 2: Activity Coefficients
Appendix 3: Some Standard and Formal Electrode Potentials
Appendix 4: Compounds Recommended for the Preparation of Standard Solutions of Some Common Elements
Answers to Selected Problems
Index