College Physics – Paul Peter Urone,‎ Roger Hinrichs – 1st Edition

Preface

1. Introduction: The Nature of Science and Physics

Connection for AP® Courses

1.1. Physics: An Introduction

1.2. Physical Quantities and Units

1.3. Accuracy, Precision, and Significant Figures

1.4. Approximation

1.5. Glossary

1.6. Section Summary

1.7. Conceptual Questions

1.8. Problems & Exercises

2. Kinematics

Connection for AP® Courses

2.1. Displacement

2.2. Vectors, Scalars, and Coordinate Systems

2.3. Time, Velocity, and Speed

2.4. Acceleration

2.5. Motion Equations for Constant Acceleration in One Dimension

2.6. Problem-Solving Basics for One Dimensional Kinematics

2.7. Falling Objects

2.8. Graphical Analysis of One Dimensional Motion

2.9. Glossary

2.10. Section Summary

2.11. Conceptual Questions

2.12. Problems & Exercises

2.13. Test Prep for AP® Courses

3. Two-Dimensional Kinematics

Connection for AP® Courses

3.1. Kinematics in Two Dimensions: An Introduction

3.2. Vector Addition and Subtraction: Graphical Methods

3.3. Vector Addition and Subtraction: Analytical Methods

3.4. Projectile Motion

3.5. Addition of Velocities

3.6. Glossary

3.7. Section Summary

3.8. Conceptual Questions

3.9. Problems & Exercises

3.10. Test Prep for AP® Courses

4. Dynamics: Force and Newton's Laws of Motion

Connection for AP® Courses

4.1. Development of Force Concept

4.2. Newton's First Law of Motion: Inertia

4.3. Newton's Second Law of Motion: Concept of a System

4.4. Newton's Third Law of Motion: Symmetry in Forces

4.5. Normal, Tension, and Other Examples of Force

4.6. Problem-Solving Strategies

4.7. Further Applications of Newton's Laws of Motion

4.8. Extended Topic: The Four Basic Forces—An Introduction

4.9. Glossary

4.10. Section Summary

4.11. Conceptual Questions

4.12. Problems & Exercises

4.13. Test Prep for AP® Courses

5. Further Applications of Newton's Laws: Friction, Drag, and Elasticity

Connection for AP® Courses

5.1. Friction

5.2. Drag Forces

5.3. Elasticity: Stress and Strain

5.4. Glossary

5.5. Section Summary

5.6. Conceptual Questions

5.7. Problems & Exercises

5.8. Test Prep for AP® Courses

6. Gravitation and Uniform Circular Motion

Connection for AP® Courses

6.1. Rotation Angle and Angular Velocity

6.2. Centripetal Acceleration

6.3. Centripetal Force

6.4. Fictitious Forces and Non-inertial Frames: The Coriolis Force

6.5. Newton's Universal Law of Gravitation

6.6. Satellites and Kepler's Laws: An Argument for Simplicity

6.7. Glossary

6.8. Section Summary

6.9. Conceptual Questions

6.10. Problems & Exercises

6.11. Test Prep for AP® Courses

7. Work, Energy, and Energy Resources

Connection for AP® Courses

7.1. Work: The Scientific Definition

7.2. Kinetic Energy and the Work-Energy Theorem

7.3. Gravitational Potential Energy

7.4. Conservative Forces and Potential Energy

7.5. Nonconservative Forces

7.6. Conservation of Energy

7.7. Power

7.8. Work, Energy, and Power in Humans

7.9. World Energy Use

7.10. Glossary

7.11. Section Summary

7.12. Conceptual Questions

7.13. Problems & Exercises

7.14. Test Prep for AP® Courses

8. Linear Momentum and Collisions

Connection for AP® courses

8.1. Linear Momentum and Force

8.2. Impulse

8.3. Conservation of Momentum

8.4. Elastic Collisions in One Dimension

8.5. Inelastic Collisions in One Dimension

8.6. Collisions of Point Masses in Two Dimensions

8.7. Introduction to Rocket Propulsion

8.8. Glossary

8.9. Section Summary

8.10. Conceptual Questions

8.11. Problems & Exercises

8.12. Test Prep for AP® Courses

9. Statics and Torque

Connection for AP® Courses

9.1. The First Condition for Equilibrium

9.2. The Second Condition for Equilibrium

9.3. Stability

9.4. Applications of Statics, Including Problem-Solving Strategies

9.5. Simple Machines

9.6. Forces and Torques in Muscles and Joints

9.7. Glossary

9.8. Section Summary

9.9. Conceptual Questions

9.10. Problems & Exercises

9.11. Test Prep for AP® Courses

10. Rotational Motion and Angular Momentum

Connection for AP® Courses

10.1. Angular Acceleration

10.2. Kinematics of Rotational Motion

10.3. Dynamics of Rotational Motion: Rotational Inertia

10.4. Rotational Kinetic Energy: Work and Energy Revisited

10.5. Angular Momentum and Its Conservation

10.6. Collisions of Extended Bodies in Two Dimensions

10.7. Gyroscopic Effects: Vector Aspects of Angular Momentum

10.8. Glossary

10.9. Section Summary

10.10. Conceptual Questions

10.11. Problems & Exercises

10.12. Test Prep for AP® Courses

11. Fluid Statics

Connection for AP® Courses

11.1. What Is a Fluid?

11.2. Density

11.3. Pressure

11.4. Variation of Pressure with Depth in a Fluid

11.5. Pascal's Principle

11.6. Gauge Pressure, Absolute Pressure, and Pressure Measurement

11.7. Archimedes' Principle

11.8. Cohesion and Adhesion in Liquids: Surface Tension and Capillary Action

11.9. Pressures in the Body

11.10. Glossary

11.11. Section Summary

11.12. Conceptual Questions

11.13. Problems & Exercises

11.14. Test Prep for AP® Courses

12. Fluid Dynamics and Its Biological and Medical Applications

Connection for AP® Courses

12.1. Flow Rate and Its Relation to Velocity

12.2. Bernoulli's Equation

12.3. The Most General Applications of Bernoulli's Equation

12.4. Viscosity and Laminar Flow; Poiseuille's Law

12.5. The Onset of Turbulence

12.6. Motion of an Object in a Viscous Fluid

12.7. Molecular Transport Phenomena: Diffusion, Osmosis, and Related Processes

12.8. Glossary

12.9. Section Summary

12.10. Conceptual Questions

12.11. Problems & Exercises

12.12. Test Prep for AP® Courses

13. Temperature, Kinetic Theory, and the Gas Laws

Connection for AP® Courses

13.1. Temperature

13.2. Thermal Expansion of Solids and Liquids

13.3. The Ideal Gas Law

13.4. Kinetic Theory: Atomic and Molecular Explanation of Pressure and Temperature

13.5. Phase Changes

13.6. Humidity, Evaporation, and Boiling

13.7. Glossary

13.8. Section Summary

13.9. Conceptual Questions

13.10. Problems & Exercises

13.11. Test Prep for AP® Courses

14. Heat and Heat Transfer Methods

Connection for AP® Courses

14.1. Heat

14.2. Temperature Change and Heat Capacity

14.3. Phase Change and Latent Heat

14.4. Heat Transfer Methods

14.5. Conduction

14.6. Convection

14.7. Radiation

14.8. Glossary

14.9. Section Summary

14.10. Conceptual Questions

14.11. Problems & Exercises

14.12. Test Prep for AP® Courses

15. Thermodynamics

Connection for AP® Courses

15.1. The First Law of Thermodynamics

15.2. The First Law of Thermodynamics and Some Simple Processes

15.3. Introduction to the Second Law of Thermodynamics: Heat Engines and Their Efficiency

15.4. Carnot's Perfect Heat Engine: The Second Law of Thermodynamics Restated

15.5. Applications of Thermodynamics: Heat Pumps and Refrigerators

15.6. Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics: Disorder and the Unavailability of Energy

15.7. Statistical Interpretation of Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics: The Underlying Explanation

15.8. Glossary

15.9. Section Summary

15.10. Conceptual Questions

15.11. Problems & Exercises

15.12. Test Prep for AP® Courses

16. Oscillatory Motion and Waves

Connection for AP® Courses

16.1. Hooke's Law: Stress and Strain Revisited

16.2. Period and Frequency in Oscillations

16.3. Simple Harmonic Motion: A Special Periodic Motion

16.4. The Simple Pendulum

16.5. Energy and the Simple Harmonic Oscillator

16.6. Uniform Circular Motion and Simple Harmonic Motion

16.7. Damped Harmonic Motion

16.8. Forced Oscillations and Resonance

16.9. Waves

16.10. Superposition and Interference

16.11. Energy in Waves: Intensity

16.12. Glossary

16.13. Section Summary

16.14. Conceptual Questions

16.15. Problems & Exercises

16.16. Test Prep for AP® Courses

17. Physics of Hearing

Connection for AP® Courses

17.1. Sound

17.2. Speed of Sound, Frequency, and Wavelength

17.3. Sound Intensity and Sound Level

17.4. Doppler Effect and Sonic Booms

17.5. Sound Interference and Resonance: Standing Waves in Air Columns

17.6. Hearing

17.7. Ultrasound

17.8. Glossary

17.9. Section Summary

17.10. Conceptual Questions

17.11. Problems & Exercises

17.12. Test Prep for AP® Courses

18. Electric Charge and Electric Field

Connection for AP® Courses

18.1. Static Electricity and Charge: Conservation of Charge

18.2. Conductors and Insulators

18.3. Conductors and Electric Fields in Static Equilibrium

18.4. Coulomb's Law

18.5. Electric Field: Concept of a Field Revisited

18.6. Electric Field Lines: Multiple Charges

18.7. Electric Forces in Biology

18.8. Applications of Electrostatics

18.9. Glossary

18.10. Section Summary

18.11. Conceptual Questions

18.12. Problems & Exercises

18.13. Test Prep for AP® Courses

19. Electric Potential and Electric Field

Connection for AP® Courses

19.1. Electric Potential Energy: Potential Difference

19.2. Electric Potential in a Uniform Electric Field

19.3. Electrical Potential Due to a Point Charge

19.4. Equipotential Lines

19.5. Capacitors and Dielectrics

19.6. Capacitors in Series and Parallel

19.7. Energy Stored in Capacitors

19.8. Glossary

19.9. Section Summary

19.10. Conceptual Questions

19.11. Problems & Exercises

19.12. Test Prep for AP® Courses

20. Electric Current, Resistance, and Ohm's Law

Connection for AP® Courses

20.1. Current

20.2. Ohm's Law: Resistance and Simple Circuits

20.3. Resistance and Resistivity

20.4. Electric Power and Energy

20.5. Alternating Current versus Direct Current

20.6. Electric Hazards and the Human Body

20.7. Nerve Conduction–Electrocardiograms

20.8. Glossary

20.9. Section Summary

20.10. Conceptual Questions

20.11. Problems & Exercises

20.12. Test Prep for AP® Courses

21. Circuits, Bioelectricity, and DC Instruments

Connection for AP® Courses

21.1. Resistors in Series and Parallel

21.2. Electromotive Force: Terminal Voltage

21.3. Kirchhoff's Rules

21.4. DC Voltmeters and Ammeters

21.5. Null Measurements

21.6. DC Circuits Containing Resistors and Capacitors

21.7. Glossary

21.8. Section Summary

21.9. Conceptual Questions

21.10. Problems & Exercises

21.11. Test Prep for AP® Courses

22. Magnetism

Connection for AP® Courses

22.1. Magnets

22.2. Ferromagnets and Electromagnets

22.3. Magnetic Fields and Magnetic Field Lines

22.4. Magnetic Field Strength: Force on a Moving Charge in a Magnetic Field

22.5. Force on a Moving Charge in a Magnetic Field: Examples and Applications

22.6. The Hall Effect

22.7. Magnetic Force on a Current-Carrying Conductor

22.8. Torque on a Current Loop: Motors and Meters

22.9. Magnetic Fields Produced by Currents: Ampere's Law

22.10. Magnetic Force between Two Parallel Conductors

22.11. More Applications of Magnetism

22.12. Glossary

22.13. Section Summary

22.14. Conceptual Questions

22.15. Problems & Exercises

22.16. Test Prep for AP® Courses

23. Electromagnetic Induction, AC Circuits, and Electrical Technologies

Connection for AP® Courses

23.1. Induced Emf and Magnetic Flux

23.2. Faraday's Law of Induction: Lenz's Law

23.3. Motional Emf

23.4. Eddy Currents and Magnetic Damping

23.5. Electric Generators

23.6. Back Emf

23.7. Transformers

23.8. Electrical Safety: Systems and Devices

23.9. Inductance

23.10. RL Circuits

23.11. Reactance, Inductive and Capacitive

23.12. RLC Series AC Circuits

23.13. Glossary

23.14. Section Summary

23.15. Conceptual Questions

23.16. Problems & Exercises

23.17. Test Prep for AP® Courses

24. Electromagnetic Waves

Connection for AP® Courses

24.1. Maxwell's Equations: Electromagnetic Waves Predicted and Observed

24.2. Production of Electromagnetic Waves

24.3. The Electromagnetic Spectrum

24.4. Energy in Electromagnetic Waves

24.5. Glossary

24.6. Section Summary

24.7. Conceptual Questions

24.8. Problems & Exercises

24.9. Test Prep for AP® Courses

25. Geometric Optics

Connection for AP® Courses

25.1. The Ray Aspect of Light

25.2. The Law of Reflection

25.3. The Law of Refraction

25.4. Total Internal Reflection

25.5. Dispersion: The Rainbow and Prisms

25.6. Image Formation by Lenses

25.7. Image Formation by Mirrors

25.8. Glossary

25.9. Section Summary

25.10. Conceptual Questions

25.11. Problems & Exercises

25.12. Test Prep for AP® Courses

26. Vision and Optical Instruments

Connection for AP® Courses

26.1. Physics of the Eye

26.2. Vision Correction

26.3. Color and Color Vision

26.4. Microscopes

26.5. Telescopes

26.6. Aberrations

26.7. Glossary

26.8. Section Summary

26.9. Conceptual Questions

26.10. Problems & Exercises

26.11. Test Prep for AP® Courses

27. Wave Optics

Connection for AP® Courses

27.1. The Wave Aspect of Light: Interference

27.2. Huygens's Principle: Diffraction

27.3. Young's Double Slit Experiment

27.4. Multiple Slit Diffraction

27.5. Single Slit Diffraction

27.6. Limits of Resolution: The Rayleigh Criterion

27.7. Thin Film Interference

27.8. Polarization

27.9. *Extended Topic* Microscopy Enhanced by the Wave Characteristics of Light

27.10. Glossary

27.11. Section Summary

27.12. Conceptual Questions

27.13. Problems & Exercises

27.14. Test Prep for AP® Courses

28. Special Relativity

Connection for AP® Courses

28.1. Einstein's Postulates

28.2. Simultaneity And Time Dilation

28.3. Length Contraction

28.4. Relativistic Addition of Velocities

28.5. Relativistic Momentum

28.6. Relativistic Energy

28.7. Glossary

28.8. Section Summary

28.9. Conceptual Questions

28.10. Problems & Exercises

28.11. Test Prep for AP® Courses

29. Introduction to Quantum Physics

Connection for AP® Courses

29.1. Quantization of Energy

29.2. The Photoelectric Effect

29.3. Photon Energies and the Electromagnetic Spectrum

29.4. Photon Momentum

29.5. The Particle-Wave Duality

29.6. The Wave Nature of Matter

29.7. Probability: The Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle

29.8. The Particle-Wave Duality Reviewed

29.9. Glossary

29.10. Section Summary

29.11. Conceptual Questions

29.12. Problems & Exercises

29.13. Test Prep for AP® Courses

30. Atomic Physics

Connection for AP® Courses

30.1. Discovery of the Atom

30.2. Discovery of the Parts of the Atom: Electrons and Nuclei

30.3. Bohr's Theory of the Hydrogen Atom

30.4. X Rays: Atomic Origins and Applications

30.5. Applications of Atomic Excitations and De-Excitations

30.6. The Wave Nature of Matter Causes Quantization

30.7. Patterns in Spectra Reveal More Quantization

30.8. Quantum Numbers and Rules

30.9. The Pauli Exclusion Principle

30.10. Glossary

30.11. Section Summary

30.12. Conceptual Questions

30.13. Problems & Exercises

30.14. Test Prep for AP® Courses

31. Radioactivity and Nuclear Physics

Connection for AP® Courses

31.1. Nuclear Radioactivity

31.2. Radiation Detection and Detectors

31.3. Substructure of the Nucleus

31.4. Nuclear Decay and Conservation Laws

31.5. Half-Life and Activity

31.6. Binding Energy

31.7. Tunneling

31.8. Glossary

31.9. Section Summary

31.10. Conceptual Questions

31.11. Problems & Exercises

31.12. Test Prep for AP® Courses

32. Medical Applications of Nuclear Physics

Connection for AP® Courses

32.1. Medical Imaging and Diagnostics

32.2. Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiation

32.3. Therapeutic Uses of Ionizing Radiation

32.4. Food Irradiation

32.5. Fusion

32.6. Fission

32.7. Nuclear Weapons

32.8. Glossary

32.9. Section Summary

32.10. Conceptual Questions

32.11. Problems & Exercises

32.12. Test Prep for AP® Courses

33. Particle Physics

Connection for AP® Courses

33.1. The Yukawa Particle and the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle Revisited

33.2. The Four Basic Forces

33.3. Accelerators Create Matter from Energy

33.4. Particles, Patterns, and Conservation Laws

33.5. Quarks: Is That All There Is?

33.6. GUTs: The Unification of Forces

33.7. Glossary

33.8. Section Summary

33.9. Conceptual Questions

33.10. Problems & Exercises

33.11. Test Prep for AP® Courses

34. Frontiers of Physics

Connection for AP® Courses

34.1. Cosmology and Particle Physics

34.2. General Relativity and Quantum Gravity

34.3. Superstrings

34.4. Dark Matter and Closure

34.5. Complexity and Chaos

34.6. High-Temperature Superconductors

34.7. Some Questions We Know to Ask

34.8. Glossary

34.9. Section Summary

34.10. Conceptual Questions

34.11. Problems & Exercises

Atomic Masses

Selected Radioactive Isotopes

Useful Information

Glossary of Key Symbols and Notation

Answer Key

Index