Essentials of Process Control – Michael L. Luyben, William L. Luyben – 1st Edition

Preface
1 Introduction 1
1.1 Examples of Process Dynamics and Control 2
1.2 Some Important Simulation Results 6
1.2.1 Proportional and Proportional-Integral Level Control
1.2.2 ,Temperature Control of a Three-Tank Process
1.3 General Concepts and Terminology 2 0
1.4 Laws, Languages, and Levels of Process Control 2 2
1.4.1 Process Control Laws
1.4.2 Languages qf Process Control
1.4.3 Levels of Process Control
1.5 Conclusion

PART I Time Domain Dynamics and Control
2 Time Domain Dynamics
2.1 Classification and Definition 2 7
2.2 Linearization and Perturbation Variables 31
2.2.1 Linearization
2.2.2 Perturbation Variables
2.3 Responses of Simple Linear Systems
2.3.1 First-Order Linear Ordinary Differential Equation
2.3.2 Second-Order Linear ODES with Constant CoefJicients
2.3.3 Nth-Order Linear ODES with Constant Coefficients
2.4 Solution Using MATLAB
2.5 Conclusion
Problems
3 Conventional Control Systems and Hardware
3.1 Control Instrumentation
3.1. I’ Sensors
3.1.2 Transmitters
3.1.3 Control Valves
3.1.4 Analog and Digital Controllers
3.1.5 Computing and Logic Devices
3.2 Performance of Feedback Controllers
3.2.1 SpeciJications for Closedloop Response
3.2.2 Load Pcrjormance
3.3 Contrciler Tuning
3.3. I Rules of Thumb
3.3.2 On-Line Trial and Error
3.3.3 Ziegler-Nichols Method
3.3.4 Tyreus- Luybcrr Method
3.4 Conclusions
Problems
4 Advanced Control Systems 117
4.1 Ratio Control 117
4.2 Cascade Control 118
4.3 Computed Variable Control 120
4.4 Override Control 122
4.5 Nonlinear and Adaptive Control 125
4.6 Valve Position (Optimizing) Control 126
4.7 Feedforward Control Concepts 128
4.8 Control System Design Concepts 129
4.9 Conclusion 135
Problems
5 Interaction between Steady-State Design and Dynamic Controllability
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Qualitative Examples
5.3 Simple Quantitative Example
5.4 Impact of Controllability on Capital Investment and Yield
5.5 General Trade-off between Controllability and Thermodynamic Reversibility
5.6 Quantitative Economic Assessment of Steady-State Design and Dynamic Controllability
5.7 Conclusion
6 Plantwide Control
6.1 Series Cascades of Units
6.2 Effect of Recycle on Time Constants
6.3 Snowball Effects in Recycle Systems
6.4 llsc of Steady-State Sensitivity Analysis to Screen Plantwide Control Structures
6.5 Second-Order Reaction Example
6.6 Plantwide Control Design Procedure
6.7 Conclusion
Problems

P A R T 2 Laplace-Domain Dynamics and Control
7 Laplace-Domain Dynamics
7.1 Laplace Transformation Fundamentals
7.2 Laplace Transformation of Important Functions
7.3 Inversion of Laplace Transforms
7.4 Transfer Functions
7.5 Examples
7.6 Properties of Transfer Functions
7.7 Transfer Functions for Feedback Controllers
7.8 Conclusion
Problems
8 Laplace-Domain Analysis of Conventional Feedback Control Systems
8.1 Openloop and Closedloop Systems
8.2 Stability
8.3 Performance Specifications
8.4 Root Locus Analysis
8.5 Conclusion
Problems
9 Laplace-Domain Analysis of Advanced
Control Systems
9.1 Cascade Control
9.2 Feedforward Control
9.3 Openloop-Unstable Processes
9.4 Processes with Inverse Response
9.5 Model-Based Control
9.6 Conclusion
Problems

P A R T 3 Frequency-Domain Dynamics and Control
10 Frequency-Domain Dynamics
10.1 Definition
10.2 Basic Theorem
10.3 Representation
10.4 Computer Plotting
10.5 Conclusion
Problems
11 Frequency-Domain Analysis of Closedloop Systems
I 1.1 Nyquist Stability Criterion
I I .2 Closedloop Spccilications in the Frequency Domain
I I .3 Frequency Response of Feedback Controllers
I .4 Examples
11.5 Use of MATLAB for Frequency Response Plots
11.6 Capacity-Based Method for Quantifying
11.7 Conclusion
Problems

P A R T 4 Multivariable Processes
12 Matrix Representation and Analysis
12.1 Matrix Representation
12.2 Stability
12.3 Interaction
12.4 Conclusion
Problems
13 Design of Controllers for Multivariable Processes
13.1 Problem Definition
13.2 Selection of Controlled Variables
13.3 Selection of Manipulated Variables
13.4 Elimination of Poor Pairings
13.5 BLT Tuning
13.6 Load Rejection Performance
13.7 Model Predictive Control
13.8 Conclusion
Problems

P A R T 5 Sampled-Data Systems
14 Sampling, z Transforms, and Stability
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Impulse Sampler
14.3 Basic Sampling Theorem
14.4 z Transformation
14.5 Pulse Transfer Functions
14.6 Hold Devices
14.7 Openloop and Closedloop Systems
14.8 Stability in the z Plane
14.9 Conclusion
Problems
15 Stability Analysis of Sampled-Data Systems
15.1 Root Locus Design Methods .
15.2 Frequency-Domain Design Techniques
15.3 Physical Realizability
15.4 Minimal-Prototype Design
15.5 Conclusion
Problems

P A R T 6 Identification
16 Process Identification
16.1 Fundamental Concepts
16.2 Direct Methods
16.3 Pulse Testing
16.4 Relay Feedback Identification
16.5 Least-Squares Methods
16.6 Use of the MATLAB Identification Toolbox
16.7. Conclusion
Problems
Appendix A
Computer Programs
Nonlinear Model
Appendix B: Instrumentation Hardware
Index