Suspension Geometry and Computation – John C. Dixon – 1st Edition

Preface

1. Introduction and History
   1. Introduction
   2. Early Steering History
   3. Leaf-Spring Axles
   4. Transverse Leaf Springs
   5. Early Independent Fronts
   6. Independent Front Suspension
   7. Driven Rigid Axles
   8. De Dion Rigid Axles
   9. Undriven Rigid Axles
   10. Independent Rear Driven
   11. Independent Rear Undriven
   12. Trailing-Twist Axles
   13. Some Unusual Suspensions
2. Road Geometry
   1. Introduction
   2. The Road
   3. Road Curvatures
   4. Pitch Gradient and Curvature
   5. Road Bank Angle
   6. Combined Gradient and Banking
   7. Path Analysis
   8. Particle-Vehicle Analysis
   9. Two-Axle Vehicle Analysis
   10. Road Cross-Sectional Shape
   11. Road Torsion
   12. Logger Data Analysis
3. Road Profiles
   1. Introduction
   2. Isolated Ramps
   3. Isolated Bumps
   4. Sinusoidal Single Paths
   5. Sinusoidal Roads
   6. Fixed Waveform
   7. Fourier Analysis
   8. Road Wavelengths
   9. Stochastic Roads
4. Ride Geometry
   1. Introduction
   2. Wheel and Tyre Geometry
   3. Suspension Bump
   4. Ride Positions
   5. Pitch
   6. Roll
   7. Ride Height
   8. Time-Domain Ride Analysis
   9. Frequency-Domain Ride Analysis
   10. Workspace
5. Vehicle Steering
   1. Introduction
   2. Turning Geometry – Single Track
   3. Ackermann Factor
   4. Turning Geometry – Large Vehicles
   5. Steering Ratio
   6. Steering Systems
   7. Wheel Spin Axis
   8. Wheel Bottom Point
   9. Wheel Steering Axis
   10. Caster Angle
   11. Camber Angle
   12. Kingpin Angle Analysis
   13. Kingpin Axis Steered
   14. Steer Jacking
6. Bump and Roll Steer
   1. Introduction
   2. Wheel Bump Steer
   3. Axle Steer Angles
   4. Roll Steer and Understeer
   5. Axle Linear Bump and Roll Steer
   6. Axle Non-Linear Bump and Roll Steer
   7. Axle Double-Bump Steer
   8. Vehicle Roll Steer
   9. Vehicle Heave Steer
   10. Vehicle Pitch Steer
   11. Static Toe-In and Toe-Out
   12. Rigid Axles with Link Location
   13. Rigid Axles with Leaf Springs
   14. Rigid Axles with Steering
7. Camber and Scrub
   1. Introduction
   2. Wheel Inclination and Camber
   3. Axle Inclination and Camber
   4. Linear Bump and Roll
   5. Non-Linear Bump and Roll
   6. The Swing Arm
   7. Bump Camber Coefficients
   8. Roll Camber Coefficients
   9. Bump Scrub
   10. Double-Bump Scrub
   11. Roll Scrub
   12. Rigid Axles
8. Roll Centres
   1. Introduction
   2. The Swing Arm
   3. The Kinematic Roll Centre
   4. The Force Roll Centre
   5. The Geometric Roll Centre
   6. Symmetrical Double Bump
   7. Linear Single Bump
   8. Asymmetrical Double Bump
   9. Roll of a Symmetrical Vehicle
   10. Linear Symmetrical Vehicle Summary
   11. Roll of an Asymmetrical Vehicle
   12. Road Coordinates
   13. GRC and Latac
   14. Experimental Roll Centres
9. Compliance Steer
   1. Introduction
   2. Wheel Forces and Moments
   3. Compliance Angles
   4. Independent Suspension Compliance
   5. Discussion of Matrix
   6. Independent-Suspension Summary
   7. Hub Centre Forces
   8. Steering
   9. Rigid Axles
   10. Experimental Measurements
10. Pitch Geometry
    1. Introduction
    2. Acceleration and Braking
    3. Anti-Dive
    4. Anti-Rise
    5. Anti-Lift
    6. Anti-Squat
    7. Design Implications
11. Single-Arm Suspensions
    1. Introduction
    2. Pivot Axis Geometry
    3. Wheel Axis Geometry
    4. The Trailing Arm
    5. The Sloped-Axis Trailing Arm
    6. The Semi-Trailing Arm
    7. The Low-Pivot Semi-Trailing Arm
    8. The Transverse Arm
    9. The Sloped-Axis Transverse Arm
    10. The Semi-Transverse Arm
    11. The Low-Pivot Semi-Transverse Arm
    12. General Case Numerical Solution
    13. Comparison of Solutions
    14. The Steered Single Arm
    15. Bump Scrub
12. Double-Arm Suspensions
    1. Introduction
    2. Configurations
    3. Arm Lengths and Angles
    4. Equal Arm Length
    5. Equally-Angled Arms
    6. Converging Arms
    7. Arm Length Difference
    8. General Solution
    9. Design Process
    10. Numerical Solution in Two Dimensions
    11. Pitch
    12. Numerical Solution in Three Dimensions
    13. Steering
    14. Strut Analysis in Two Dimensions
    15. Strut Numerical Solution in Two Dimensions
    16. Strut Design Process
    17. Strut Numerical Solution in Three Dimensions
    18. Double Trailing Arms
    19. Five-Link Suspension
13. Rigid Axles
    1. Introduction
    2. Example Configuration
    3. Axle Variables
    4. Pivot-Point Analysis
    5. Link Analysis
    6. Equivalent Links
    7. Numerical Solution
    8. The Sensitivity Matrix
    9. Results: Axle 1
    10. Results: Axle 2
    11. Coefficients
14. Installation Ratios
    1. Introduction
    2. Motion Ratio
    3. Displacement Method
    4. Velocity Diagrams
    5. Computer Evaluation
    6. Mechanical Displacement
    7. The Rocker
    8. The Rigid Arm
    9. Double Wishbones
    10. Struts
    11. Pushrods and Pullrods
    12. Solid Axles
    13. The Effect of Motion Ratio on Inertia
    14. The Effect of Motion Ratio on Springs
    15. The Effect of Motion Ratio on Dampers
    16. Velocity Diagrams in Three Dimensions
    17. Acceleration Diagrams
15. Computational Geometry in Three Dimensions
    1. Introduction
    2. Coordinate Systems
    3. Transformation of Coordinates
    4. Direction Numbers and Cosines
    5. Vector Dot Product
    6. Vector Cross Product
    7. The Sine Rule
    8. The Cosine Rule
    9. Points
    10. Lines
    11. Planes
    12. Spheres
    13. Circles
    14. Routine PointFPL2P
    15. Routine PointFPLPDC
    16. Routine PointITinit
    17. Routine PointIT
    18. Routine PointFPT
    19. Routine Plane3P
    20. Routine PointFP
    21. Routine PointFPPl3P
    22. Routine PointATinit
    23. Routine PointAT
    24. Routine Points3S
    25. Routine Points2SHP
    26. Routine Point3Pl
    27. Routine ---
16. Programming Considerations
    1. Introduction
    2. The RASER Value
    3. Failure Modes Analysis
    4. Bad Conditioning
    5. Data Sensitivity
    6. Accuracy
    7. Speed
    8. Ease of Use
    9. The Assembly Problem
    10. Checksums
17. Iteration
    1. Introduction
    2. Three Phases of Iteration
    3. Convergence
    4. Binary Search
    5. Linear Iterations
    6. Iterative Exits
    7. Fixed-Point Iteration
    8. Accelerated Convergence
    9. Higher Orders without Derivatives
    10. Newton’s Iterations
    11. Other Derivative Methods
    12. Testing

Appendix A: Nomenclature
Appendix B: Units
Appendix C: Greek Alphabet
Appendix D: Quaternions for Engineers
Appendix E: Frenet, Serret and Darboux
Appendix F: The Fourier Transform
References and Bibliography
Index