Distillation: Operation and Applications – Andrzej Górak, Hartmut Schoenmakers – 1st Edition

Preface to the Distillation Collection
Preface to Distillation: Operation and Applications
List of Contributors
List of Symbols and Abbreviations

Chapter 1. Distillation Control
1.1. Introduction
1.2. Basic control issues
1.3. Choosing a control structure
1.4. Feed composition sensitivity analysis
1.5. High RR columns
1.6. Control tray selection
1.7. Controller tuning
1.8. Use of ratios and cascade control
1.9. More complex columns
1.10. Columns in a plant-wide environment
1.11. Conclusion

Chapter 2. Common Techniques for Distillation Troubleshooting
2.1. Causes of column malfunctions
Part A: Column troubleshooting: how to investigate
Part B: Column troubleshooting—the tools

Chapter 3. Column Performance Testing Procedures
3.1. Introduction
3.2. Existing test facilities
3.3. Definition and terminology
3.4. Test design and planning
3.5. Mode of operations
3.6. Test column and auxiliary equipment
3.7. Reflux heating
3.8. Test systems and physical properties
3.9. Preparing for installation
3.10. Packed column installation
3.11. Trayed column installation
3.12. Operation and measurements
3.13. Measurements
3.14. Test procedure
3.15. Data reduction
3.16. Experimental errors and test troubleshooting
3.17. Documentation and reporting

Chapter 4. Distillation in Refining
4.1. Scale of the operation
4.2. Refinery flow schemes
4.3. Crude oil characterization
4.4. Refinery crude and vacuum units
4.5. Basic principles of crude units
4.6. Crude vacuum units
4.7. Key factors affecting the fractionation quality
4.8. Column internals for refining applications
4.9. Hazards of pyrophoric scale
4.10. Other distillation units in refining

Chapter 5. Distillation of Bulk Chemicals
5.1. General industrial separations
5.2. Industrial distillation examples
5.3. Conclusion

Chapter 6. Air Distillation
6.1. Introduction
6.2. Process
6.3. Column internals
6.4. Conclusion

Chapter 7. Distillation of Specialty Chemicals
7.1. Introduction
7.2. Distillation at low liquid load
7.3. Reactive distillation
7.4. Fouling
7.5. Aqueous systems
7.6. Modeling, simulation, and scale-up: a conclusion

Chapter 8. Distillation in Bioprocessing
8.1. Introduction
8.2. White biotechnology and biobased processes
8.3. Red biotechnology
8.4. Conventional, hybrid and advanced nonreactive distillation processes
8.5. Conventional, hybrid and advanced reactive distillation processes
8.6. Discussion and outlook

Chapter 9. Special Distillation Applications
9.1. Short path distillation
9.2. HiGee distillation
9.3. Microdistillation
9.4. Membrane distillation
9.5. Microwave-assisted distillation
9.6. Conclusions

Chapter 10. New Separating Agents for Distillation
10.1. Introduction
10.2. Fundamentals
10.3. Solvent families
10.4. Separation examples
10.5. Conclusions
Index