Fundamentals of Aerodynamics – John D. Anderson – 5th Edition

Chapter 1 Aerodynamics: Some Introductory Thoughts
1.1 Importance of Aerodynamics: Historical
1.2 Aerodynamics: Classification and Practical
1.3 Road Map for This Chapter
1.4 Some Fundamental Aerodynamic Variables
1.5 Aerodynamic Forces and Moments
1.6 Center of Pressure
1.7 Dimensional Analysis: The Buckingham
1.8 Flow Similarity
1.9 Fluid Statics: Buoyancy Force
1.10 Types of Flow
1.11 Viscous Flow: Introduction to Boundary
1.12 Applied Aerodynamics: The Aerodynamic
1.13 Historical Note: The Illusive Center of Pressure
1.14 Historical Note: Aerodynamic Coefficients
1.15 Summary
1.16 Problems

Chapter 2 Aerodynamics: Some Fundamental Principles and Equations
2.1 Introduction and Road Map
2.2 Review of Vector Relations
2.3 Models of the Fluid: Control Volumes and Fluid Elements
2.4 Continuity Equation
2.5 Momentum Equation
2.6 An Application of the Momentum Equation: Drag of a Two-Dimensional Body
2.7 Energy Equation
2.8 Interim Summary
2.9 Substantial Derivative
2.10 Fundamental Equations in Terms of the Substantial Derivative
2.11 Pathlines, Streamlines, and Streaklines of a Flow
2.12 Angular Velocity, Vorticity, and Strain
2.13 Circulation
2.14 Stream Function
2.15 Velocity Potential
2.16 Relationship Between the Stream Function and Velocity Potential
2.17 How Do We Solve the Equations?
2.18 Summary
2.19 Problems

Chapter 3 Fundamentals of Inviscid, Incompressible Flow
3.1 Introduction and Road Map
3.2 Bernoulli’s Equation
3.3 Incompressible Flow in a Duct: The Venturi and Low-Speed Wind Tunnel
3.4 Pitot Tube: Measurement of Airspeed
3.5 Pressure Coefficient
3.6 Condition on Velocity for Incompressible Flow
3.7 Governing Equation for Irrotational, Incompressible Flow: Laplace’s Equation
3.8 Interim Summary
3.9 Uniform Flow: Our First Elementary Flow
3.10 Source Flow: Our Second Elementary Flow
3.11 Combination of a Uniform Flow with a Source and Sink
3.12 Doublet Flow: Our Third Elementary Flow
3.13 Nonlifting Flow over a Circular Cylinder
3.14 Vortex Flow: Our Fourth Elementary Flow
3.15 Lifting Flow over a Cylinder
3.16 The Kutta-Joukowski Theorem and the Generation of Lift
3.17 Nonlifting Flows over Arbitrary Bodies: The Numerical Source Panel Method
3.18 Applied Aerodynamics: The Flow over a Circular Cylinder—The Real Case
3.19 Historical Note: Bernoulli and Euler—The Origins of Theoretical Fluid Dynamics
3.20 Historical Note: d’Alembert and His Paradox
3.21 Summary
3.22 Problems

Chapter 4 Incompressible Flow over Airfoils
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Airfoil Nomenclature
4.3 Airfoil Characteristics
4.4 Philosophy of Theoretical Solutions for Low-Speed Flow over Airfoils: The Vortex Sheet
4.5 The Kutta Condition
4.6 Kelvin’s Circulation Theorem and the Starting Vortex
4.7 Classical Thin Airfoil Theory: The Symmetric Airfoil
4.8 The Cambered Airfoil
4.9 The Aerodynamic Center: Additional Considerations
4.10 Lifting Flows over Arbitrary Bodies: The Vortex Panel Numerical Method
4.11 Modern Low-Speed Airfoils
4.12 Viscous Flow: Airfoil Drag
4.13 Applied Aerodynamics: The Flow over an Airfoil—The Real Case
4.14 Historical Note: Early Airplane Design and the Role of Airfoil Thickness
4.15 Historical Note: Kutta, Joukowski, and the Circulation Theory of Lift
4.16 Summary
4.17 Problems

Chapter 5 Incompressible Flow over Finite Wings
5.1 Introduction: Downwash and Induced Drag
5.2 The Vortex Filament, the Biot-Savart Law, and Helmholtz’s Theorems
5.3 Prandtl’s Classical Lifting-Line Theory
5.4 A Numerical Nonlinear Lifting-Line Method
5.5 The Lifting-Surface Theory and the Vortex Lattice Numerical Method
5.6 Applied Aerodynamics: The Delta Wing
5.7 Historical Note: Lanchester and Prandtl—The Early Development of Finite-Wing Theory
5.8 Historical Note: Prandtl—The Man
5.9 Summary
5.10 Problems

Chapter 6 Three-Dimensional Incompressible Flow
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Three-Dimensional Source
6.3 Three-Dimensional Doublet
6.4 Flow over A Sphere
6.5 General Three-Dimensional Flows: Panel Techniques
6.6 Applied Aerodynamics: The Flow over a Sphere—The Real Case
6.7 Applied Aerodynamics: Airplane Lift and Drag
6.8 Summary
6.9 Problems

Chapter 7 Compressible Flow: Some Preliminary Aspects
7.1 Introduction
7.2 A Brief Review of Thermodynamics
7.3 Definition of Compressibility
7.4 Governing Equations for Inviscid, Compressible Flow
7.5 Definition of Total (Stagnation) Conditions
7.6 Some Aspects of Supersonic Flow: Shock Waves
7.7 Summary
7.8 Problems

Chapter 8 Normal Shock Waves and Related Topics
8.1 Introduction
8.2 The Basic Normal Shock Equations
8.3 Speed of Sound
8.4 Special Forms of the Energy Equation
8.5 When Is A Flow Compressible?
8.6 Calculation of Normal Shock-Wave Properties
8.7 Measurement of Velocity in a Compressible Flow
8.8 Summary
8.9 Problems

Chapter 9 Oblique Shock and Expansion Waves
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Oblique Shock Relations
9.3 Supersonic Flow over Wedges and Cones
9.4 Shock Interactions and Reflections
9.5 Detached Shock Wave in Front of a Blunt Body
9.6 Prandtl-Meyer Expansion Waves
9.7 Shock-Expansion Theory: Applications to Supersonic Airfoils
9.8 A Comment on Lift and Drag Coefficients
9.9 The X-15 and Its Wedge Tail
9.10 Viscous Flow: Shock-Wave/Boundary-Layer Interaction
9.11 Historical Note: Ernst Mach—A Biographical Sketch
9.12 Summary
9.13 Problems

Chapter 10 Compressible Flow through Nozzles, Diffusers, and Wind Tunnels
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Governing Equations for Quasi-One-Dimensional Flow
10.3 Nozzle Flows
10.4 Diffusers
10.5 Supersonic Wind Tunnels
10.6 Viscous Flow: Shock-Wave/Boundary-Layer Interaction inside nozzles
10.7 Summary
10.8 Problems

Chapter 12 Subsonic Compressible Flow over Airfoils: Linear Theory
11.1 Introduction
11.2 The Velocity Potential Equation
11.3 The Linearized Velocity Potential Equation
11.4 Prandtl-Glauert Compressibility Correction
11.5 Improved Compressibility Corrections
11.6 Critical Mach Number
11.7 Drag-Divergence Mach Number: The Sound Barrier
11.8 The Area Rule
11.9 The Supercritical Airfoil
11.10 CFD Applications: Transonic Airfoils and Wings
11.11 Applied Aerodynamics: The Blended Wing Body
11.12 Historical Note: High-Speed Airfoils—Early Research and Development
11.13 Historical Note: The Origin of The Swept-Wing Concept
11.14 Historical Note: Richard T. Whitcomb—Architect of the Area Rule and the Supercritical Wing
11.15 Summary

Chapter 12 Linearized Supersonic Flow
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Derivation of the Linearized Supersonic Pressure Coefficient Formula
12.3 Application to Supersonic Airfoils
12.4 Viscous Flow: Supersonic Airfoil Drag
12.5 Summary
12.6 Problems

Chapter 13 Introduction to Numerical Techniques for Nonlinear Supersonic Flow
13.1 Introduction: Philosophy of Computational Fluid Dynamics
13.2 Elements of the Method of Characteristics
13.3 Supersonic Nozzle Design
13.4 Elements of Finite-Difference Methods
13.5 The Time-Dependent Technique: Application to Supersonic Blunt Bodies
13.6 Flow over Cones
13.7 Summary
13.8 Problem

Chapter 14 Elements of Hypersonic Flow
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Qualitative Aspects of Hypersonic Flow
14.3 Newtonian Theory
14.4 The Lift and Drag of Wings at Hypersonic Speeds: Newtonian Results for a Flat Plate at Angle of Attack
14.5 Hypersonic Shock-Wave Relations and Another Look at Newtonian Theory
14.6 Mach Number Independence
14.7 Hypersonics and Computational Fluid Dynamics
14.8 Hypersonic Viscous Flow: Aerodynamic Heating
14.9 Applied Hypersonic Aerodynamics: Hypersonic Waveriders
14.10 Summary
14.11 Problems

Chapter 15 Introduction to the Fundamental Principles and Equations of Viscous Flow
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Qualitative Aspects of Viscous Flow
15.3 Viscosity and Thermal Conduction
15.4 The Navier-Stokes Equations
15.5 The Viscous Flow Energy Equation
15.6 Similarity Parameters
15.7 Solutions of Viscous Flows: A Preliminary Discussion
15.8 Summary
15.9 Problems

Chapter 16 A Special Case: Couette Flow
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Couette Flow: General Discussion
16.3 Incompressible (Constant Property) Couette Flow
16.4 Compressible Couette Flow
16.5 Summary

Chapter 17 Introduction to Boundary Layers
17.1 Introduction
17.2 Boundary-Layer Properties
17.3 The Boundary-Layer Equations
17.4 How Do We Solve the Boundary-Layer Equations?
17.5 Summary

Chapter 18 Laminar Boundary Layers
18.1 Introduction
18.2 Incompressible Flow over a Flat Plate: The Blasius Solution
18.3 Compressible Flow over a Flat Plate
18.4 The Reference Temperature Method
18.5 Stagnation Point Aerodynamic Heating
18.6 Boundary Layers over Arbitrary Bodies: Finite-Difference Solution
18.7 Summary
18.8 Problems

Chapter 19 Turbulent Boundary Layers
19.1 Introduction
19.2 Results for Turbulent Boundary Layers on a Flat Plate
19.3 Turbulence Modeling
19.4 Final Comments
19.5 Summary
19.6 Problems

Chapter 20 Navier-Stokes Solutions: Some Examples
20.1 Introduction
20.2 The Approach
20.3 Examples of Some Solutions
20.4 The Issue of Accuracy for the Prediction of Skin Friction Drag
20.5 Summary

Appendix A Isentropic Flow Properties
Appendix B Normal Shock Properties
Appendix C Prandtl-Meyer Function and Mach Angle
Appendix D Standard Atmosphere, SI Units
Appendix E Standard Atmosphere, English Engineering Units
Bibliography
Index