Fundamentals of Momentum, Heat and Mass Transfer – James R. Welty, Gregory L. Rorrer, David G. Foster – 6th Edition

1. Introduction to Momentum Transfer
1.1 Fluids and the Continuum
1.2 Properties at a Point
1.3 Point-to-Point Variation of Properties in a Fluid
1.4 Units
1.5 Compressibility
1.6 Surface Tension
2. Fluid Statics
2.1 Pressure Variation in a Static Fluid
2.2 Uniform Rectilinear Acceleration
2.3 Forces on Submerged Surfaces
2.4 Buoyancy
2.5 Closure
3. Description of a Fluid in Motion
3.1 Fundamental Physical Laws
3.2 Fluid-Flow Fields: Lagrangian and Eulerian Representations
3.3 Steady and Unsteady Flows
3.4 Streamlines
3.5 Systems and Control Volumes
4. Conservation of Mass: Control-Volume Approach
4.1 Integral Relation
4.2 Specific Forms of the Integral Expression
4.3 Closure
5. Newton’s Second Law of Motion: Control-Volume Approach
5.1 Integral Relation for Linear Momentum
5.2 Applications of the Integral Expression for Linear Momentum
5.3 Integral Relation for Moment of Momentum
5.4 Applications to Pumps and Turbines
5.5 Closure
6. Conservation of Energy: Control-Volume Approach
6.1 Integral Relation for the Conservation of Energy
6.2 Applications of the Integral Expression
6.3 The Bernoulli Equation
6.4 Closure
7. Shear Stress in Laminar Flow
7.1 Newton’s Viscosity Relation
7.2 Non-Newtonian Fluids
7.3 Viscosity
7.4 Shear Stress in Multidimensional Laminar Flows of a Newtonian Fluid
7.5 Closure
8. Analysis of a Differential Fluid Element in Laminar Flow
8.1 Fully Developed Laminar Flow in a Circular Conduit of Constant Cross Section
8.2 Laminar Flow of a Newtonian Fluid Down an Inclined-Plane Surface
8.3 Closure
9. Differential Equations of Fluid Flow
9.1 The Differential Continuity Equation
9.2 Navier–Stokes Equations
9.3 Bernoulli’s Equation
9.4 Spherical Coordinate Forms of The Navier–Stokes Equations
9.5 Closure
10. Inviscid Fluid Flow
10.1 Fluid Rotation at a Point
10.2 The Stream Function
10.3 Inviscid, Irrotational Flow about an Infinite Cylinder
10.4 Irrotational Flow, the Velocity Potential
10.5 Total Head in Irrotational Flow
10.6 Utilization of Potential Flow
10.7 Potential Flow Analysis—Simple Plane Flow Cases
10.8 Potential Flow Analysis—Superposition
10.9 Closure
11. Dimensional Analysis and Similitude
11.1 Dimensions
11.2 Dimensional Analysis of Governing Differential Equations
11.3 The Buckingham Method
11.4 Geometric, Kinematic, and Dynamic Similarity
11.5 Model Theory
11.6 Closure
12. Viscous Flow
12.1 Reynolds’s Experiment
12.2 Drag
12.3 The Boundary-Layer Concept
12.4 The Boundary-Layer Equations
12.5 Blasius’s Solution for the Laminar Boundary Layer on a Flat Plate
12.6 Flow with a Pressure Gradient
12.7 von Kármán Momentum Integral Analysis
12.8 Description of Turbulence
12.9 Turbulent Shearing Stresses
12.10 The Mixing-Length Hypothesis
12.11 Velocity Distribution from the Mixing-Length Theory
12.12 The Universal Velocity Distribution
12.13 Further Empirical Relations for Turbulent Flow
12.14 The Turbulent Boundary Layer on a Flat Plate
12.15 Factors Affecting the Transition from Laminar to Turbulent Flow
12.16 Closure
13. Flow in Closed Conduits
13.1 Dimensional Analysis of Conduit Flow
13.2 Friction Factors for Fully Developed Laminar, Turbulent, and Transition Flow in Circular Conduits
13.3 Friction Factor and Head-Loss Determination for Pipe Flow
13.4 Pipe-Flow Analysis
13.5 Friction Factors for Flow in the Entrance to a Circular Conduit
13.6 Closure
14. Fluid Machinery
14.1 Centrifugal Pumps
14.2 Scaling Laws for Pumps and Fans
14.3 Axial- and Mixed-Flow Pump Configurations
14.4 Turbines
14.5 Closure
15. Fundamentals of Heat Transfer
15.1 Conduction
15.2 Thermal Conductivity
15.3 Convection
15.4 Radiation
15.5 Combined Mechanisms of Heat Transfer
15.6 Closure
16. Differential Equations of Heat Transfer
16.1 The General Differential Equation for Energy Transfer
16.2 Special Forms of the Differential Energy Equation
16.3 Commonly Encountered Boundary Conditions
16.4 Closure
17. Steady-State Conduction
17.1 One-Dimensional Conduction
17.2 One-Dimensional Conduction with Internal Generation of Energy
17.3 Heat Transfer from Extended Surfaces
17.4 Two- and Three-Dimensional Systems
17.5 Closure
18. Unsteady-State Conduction
18.1 Analytical Solutions
18.2 Temperature-Time Charts for Simple Geometric Shapes
18.3 Numerical Methods for Transient Conduction Analysis
18.4 An Integral Method for One-Dimensional Unsteady Conduction
18.5 Closure
19. Convective Heat Transfer
19.1 Fundamental Considerations in Convective Heat Transfer
19.2 Significant Parameters in Convective Heat Transfer
19.3 Dimensional Analysis of Convective Energy Transfer
19.4 Exact Analysis of the Laminar Boundary Layer
19.5 Approximate Integral Analysis of the Thermal Boundary Layer
19.6 Energy- and Momentum-Transfer Analogies
19.7 Turbulent Flow Considerations
19.8 Closure
20. Convective Heat-Transfer Correlations
20.1 Natural Convection
20.2 Forced Convection for Internal Flow
20.3 Forced Convection for External Flow
20.4 Closure
21. Boiling and Condensation
21.1 Boiling
21.2 Condensation
21.3 Closure
22. Heat-Transfer Equipment
22.1 Types of Heat Exchangers
22.2 Single-Pass Heat-Exchanger Analysis: The Log-Mean Temperature Difference
22.3 Crossflow and Shell-and-Tube Heat-Exchanger Analysis 372
22.4 The Number-of-Transfer-Units (NTU) Method of Heat-Exchanger
Analysis and Design 22.5 Additional Considerations in Heat-Exchanger Design
22.6 Closure
23. Radiation Heat Transfer
23.1 Nature of Radiation
23.2 Thermal Radiation
23.3 The Intensity of Radiation
23.4 Planck’s Law of Radiation
23.5 Stefan–Boltzmann Law
23.6 Emissivity and Absorptivity of Solid Surfaces
23.7 Radiant Heat Transfer Between Black Bodies
23.8 Radiant Exchange in Black Enclosures
23.9 Radiant Exchange with Reradiating Surfaces Present
23.10 Radiant Heat Transfer Between Gray Surfaces
23.11 Radiation from Gases
23.12 The Radiation Heat-Transfer Coefficient
23.13 Closure
24. Fundamentals of Mass Transfer
24.1 Molecular Mass Transfer
24.2 The Diffusion Coefficient
24.3 Convective Mass Transfer
24.4 Closure
25. Differential Equations of Mass Transfer
25.1 The Differential Equation for Mass Transfer
25.2 Special Forms of the Differential Mass-Transfer Equation
25.3 Commonly Encountered Boundary Conditions
25.4 Steps for Modeling Processes Involving Molecular Diffusion
25.5 Closure
26. Steady-State Molecular Diffusion
26.1 One-Dimensional Mass Transfer Independent of Chemical Reaction
26.2 One-Dimensional Systems Associated with Chemical Reaction
26.3 Two- and Three-Dimensional Systems
26.4 Simultaneous Momentum, Heat, and Mass Transfer
26.5 Closure
27. Unsteady-State Molecular Diffusion
27.1 Unsteady-State Diffusion and Fick’s Second Law
27.2 Transient Diffusion in a Semi-Infinite Medium
27.3 Transient Diffusion in a Finite-Dimensional Medium under Conditions of Negligible Surface Resistance
27.4 Concentration-Time Charts for Simple Geometric Shapes 546
27.5 Closure
28. Convective Mass Transfer
28.1 Fundamental Considerations in Convective Mass Transfer
28.2 Significant Parameters in Convective Mass Transfer
28.3 Dimensional Analysis of Convective Mass Transfer
28.4 Exact Analysis of the Laminar Concentration Boundary Layer
28.5 Approximate Analysis of the Concentration Boundary Layer
28.6 Mass-, Energy-, and Momentum-Transfer Analogies
28.7 Models for Convective Mass-Transfer Coefficients
28.8 Closure
29. Convective Mass Transfer Between Phases
29.1 Equilibrium
29.2 Two-Resistance Theory
29.3 Closure
30. Convective Mass-Transfer Correlations
30.1 Mass Transfer to Plates, Spheres, and Cylinders
30.2 Mass Transfer Involving Flow Through Pipes
30.3 Mass Transfer in Wetted-Wall Columns
30.4 Mass Transfer in Packed and Fluidized Beds
30.5 Gas–Liquid Mass Transfer in Bubble Columns and Stirred Tanks
30.6 Capacity Coefficients for Packed Towers
30.7 Steps for Modeling Mass-Transfer Processes Involving Convection
30.8 Closure
31. Mass-Transfer Equipment
31.1 Types of Mass-Transfer Equipment
31.2 Gas–Liquid Mass-Transfer Operations in Well-Mixed Tanks
31.3 Mass Balances for Continuous-Contact Towers: Operating-Line Equations
31.4 Enthalpy Balances for Continuous-Contacts Towers
31.5 Mass-Transfer Capacity Coefficients
31.6 Continuous-Contact Equipment Analysis
31.7 Closure
Nomenclature
APPENDIXES
A. Transformations of the Operators Ñ and Ñ2 to Cylindrical Coordinates
B. Summary of Differential Vector Operations in Various Coordinate Systems
C. Symmetry of the Stress Tensor
D. The Viscous Contribution to the Normal Stress
E. The Navier–Stokes Equations for Constant r and m in Cartesian, Cylindrical, and Spherical Coordinates
F. Charts for Solution of Unsteady Transport Problems
G. Properties of the Standard Atmosphere
H. Physical Properties of Solids
I. Physical Properties of Gases and Liquids
J. Mass-Transfer Diffusion Coefficients in Binary Systems
K. Lennard–Jones Constants
L. The Error Function
M. Standard Pipe Sizes
N. Standard Tubing Gages
Index