Karp´s Cell and Molecular Biology Concepts and Experiments – Gerald Karp – 9th Edition

Chapter 1: Introduction to the Study of Cell and Molecular Biology
1.1. The Discovery of Cells
1.2. Basic Properties of Cells
1.3. Two Fundamentally Different Classes of Cells
1.4. Viruses and Viroids
1.5. Green Cells: Volvox, an Experiment in Multicellularity
1.6. Engineering Linkage: Tissue Engineering Analytic Questions

Chapter 2: The Chemical Basis of Life
2.1. Covalent Bonds
2.2. Engineering Linkage: Radionuclides for Imaging and Treatment
2.3. Noncovalent Bonds
2.4. Acids, Bases, and Buffers
2.5. The Nature of Biological Molecules
2.6. Green Cells: Chemical Fertilizers
2.7. Four Types of Biological Molecules
2.8. The Formation of Complex Macromolecular Structures Analytic Questions

Chapter 3: Bioenergetics, Enzymes, and Metabolism
3.1. Bioenergetics
3.2. Enzymes as Biological Catalysts
3.3. Metabolism
3.4. Green Cells: Regulation of Metabolism by the Light/Dark Cycle
3.5. Engineering Linkage: Using Metabolism to Image Tumors Analytic Questions

Chapter 4: The Structure and Function of the Plasma Membrane
4.1. Introduction to the Plasma Membrane
4.2. The Chemical Composition of Membranes
4.3. Membrane Proteins
4.4. Membrane Lipids and Membrane Fluidity
4.5. The Dynamic Nature of the Plasma Membrane
4.6. The Movement of Substances across Cell Membranes
4.7. Membrane Potentials and Nerve Impulses
4.8. Green Cells: Electrical Signaling in Plants
4.9. Engineering Linkage: Neurotechnology Analytic Questions

Chapter 5: Aerobic Respiration and the Mitochondrion
5.1. Mitochondrial Structure and Function
5.2. Aerobic Metabolism in the Mitochondrion
5.3. The Role of Mitochondria in the Formation of ATP
5.4. Engineering Linkage: Measuring Blood Oxygen
5.5. Establishment of a Proton-Motive Force
5.6. The Machinery for ATP Formation
5.7. Peroxisomes
5.8. Green Cells: Glyoxysomes Analytic Questions

Chapter 6: Photosynthesis and the Chloroplast
6.1. The Origin of Photosynthesis
6.2. Chloroplast Structure
6.3. An Overview of Photosynthetic Metabolism
6.4. The Absorption of Light
6.5. Green Cells: Chromoplasts
6.6. Photosynthetic Units and Reaction Centers
6.7. Photophosphorylation
6.8. Carbon Dioxide Fixation and the Synthesis of Carbohydrate
6.9. Engineering Linkage: Photodynamic Therapy Analytic Questions

Chapter 7: Interactions Between Cells and Their Environment
7.1. Extracellular Interactions
7.2. Engineering Linkage: Organoids
7.3. Interactions of Cells with Extracellular Materials
7.4. Interactions of Cells with Other Cells
7.5. Tight Junctions: Sealing the Extracellular Space
7.6. Intercellular Communication
7.7. Cell Walls
7.8. Green Cells: Cell Walls and Plant Terrestrialization Analytic Questions

Chapter 8: Cytoplasmic Membrane Systems: Structure, Function, and Membrane Traff...
8.1. An Overview of the Endomembrane System
8.2. A Few Approaches to the Study of Endomembranes
8.3. The Endoplasmic Reticulum
8.4. The Golgi Complex
8.5. Types of Vesicle Transport
8.6. Engineering Linkage: Extracellular Vesicles for Drug Delivery
8.7. Lysosomes
8.8 Green Cells: Plant Cell Vacuoles
8.9. The Endocytic Pathway: Moving Membrane and Materials into the Cell Interior
8.10. Posttranslational Uptake of Proteins by Peroxisomes, Mitochondria, and Chlo... Analytic Questions

Chapter 9: The Cytoskeleton and Cell Motility
9.1. Overview of the Major Functions of the Cytoskeleton
9.2. Structure and Function of Microtubules
9.3. Green Cells: Why the Woodbine Twineth
9.4. Motor Proteins: Kinesins and Dyneins
9.5. Microtubule-Organizing Centers (MTOCs)
9.6. Structure and Function of Cilia and Flagella
9.7. Intermediate Filaments
9.8. Actin and Myosin
9.9. Muscle Organization and Contraction
9.10. Engineering Linkage: Muscle Biomechanics
9.11. Actin-Binding Proteins
9.12. Cellular Motility
9.13. The Bacterial Cytoskeleton Analytic Questions

Chapter 10: The Nature of the Gene and the Genome
10.1. The Concept of a Gene as a Unit of Inheritance
10.2. The Discovery of Chromosomes
10.3. Chromosomes as the Carriers of Genetic Information
10.4. The Chemical Nature of the Gene
10.5. The Complexity of the Genome
10.6. The Stability of the Genome
10.7. Sequencing Genomes: The Footprints of Biological Evolution
10.8. Engineering Linkage: Engineering Genomes
10.9. The Genetic Basis of Being Human
10.10. Green Cells: Gene Transfer by Agrobacterium tumefaciens Analytic Questions

Chapter 11: The Central Dogma: DNA to RNA to Protein

11.1. The Relationships among Genes, Proteins, and RNAs

11.2. An Overview of Transcription in Both Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells

11.3. Synthesis and Processing of Eukaryotic Ribosomal and Transfer RNAs

11.4. Synthesis and Structure of Eukaryotic Messenger RNAs

11.5. Small Regulatory RNAs and RNA Silencing Pathways

11.6. Green Cells: Long-Range siRNA Movement

11.7. CRISPR and Other Noncoding RNAs

11.8. Encoding Genetic Information

11.9. Decoding the Codons: The Role of Transfer RNAs

11.10. Translating Genetic Information

11.11. Engineering Linkage: DNA Origami Analytic Questions

Chapter 12: Control of Gene Expression
12.1. Control of Gene Expression in Bacteria
12.2. Engineering Linkage: Building Digital Logic with Genes
12.3. Structure of the Nuclear Envelope
12.4. Chromosomes and Chromatin
12.5. The Nucleus as an Organized Organelle
12.6. An Overview of Gene Regulation in Eukaryotes
12.7. Transcriptional Control
12.8. Green Cells: The ABC Model and MADS Domain Transcription Factors
12.9. RNA Processing Control
12.10. Translational Control
12.11. Posttranslational Control: Determining Protein Stability Analytic Questions

Chapter 13: DNA Replication and Repair
13.1. DNA Replication
13.2. DNA Replication in Bacterial Cells
13.3. The Structure and Functions of DNA Polymerases
13.4. Replication in Viruses
13.5. Engineering Linkage: Storing Data in DNA
13.6. DNA Replication in Eukaryotic Cells
13.7. DNA Repair
13.8. Green Cells: Gamma Gardens
13.9. Between Replication and Repair Analytic Questions

Chapter 14: Cell Division
14.1. The Cell Cycle
14.2. M Phase: Mitosis and Cytokinesis
14.3. Engineering Linkage: The Role of Membrane Tension in Cell Division
14.4. Green Cells: Unique Aspects of Plant Cell Division
14.5. Meiosis Analytic Questions

Chapter 15: Cell Signaling and Signal Transduction: Communication between Cells
15.1. The Basic Elements of Cell Signaling Systems
15.2. A Survey of Extracellular Messages and Their Receptors
15.3. G Protein-Coupled Receptors and Their Second Messengers
15.4. Engineering Linkage: Biosensors in Medicine and Biology
15.5. Protein-Tyrosine Phosphorylation as a Mechanism for Signal Transduction
15.6. Green Cells: Auxin Signaling
15.7. The Role of Calcium as an Intracellular Messenger
15.8. Convergence, Divergence, and Cross-Talk among Different Signaling Pathways
15.9. The Role of NO as an Intracellular Messenger
15.10. Apoptosis (Programmed Cell Death) Analytic Questions

Chapter 16: Cancer
16.1. Basic Properties of a Cancer Cell
16.2. The Causes of Cancer
16.3. Cancer: A Genetic Disorder
16.4. Engineering Linkage: Therapeutic Radiation
16.5. Green Cells: Plant-Based Chemotherapies
16.6. Strategies for Combating Cancer

Chapter 17: The Immune Response
17.1. An Overview of the Immune Response
17.2. Green Cells: The Plant Immune System
17.3. The Clonal Selection Theory as It Applies to B Cells
17.4. T Lymphocytes: Activation and Mechanism of Action
17.5. Selected Topics on the Cellular and Molecular Basis of Immunity
17.6. Engineering Linkage: Adoptive T-Cell Therapy
17.7. Signal Transduction Pathways in Lymphocyte Activation

Chapter 18: Techniques in Cell and Molecular Biology
18.1. The Light Microscope
18.2. Transmission Electron Microscopy
18.3. Scanning Electron and Atomic Force Microscopy
18.4. The Use of Radioisotopes
18.5. Cell Culture
18.6. The Fractionation of a Cell’s Contents by Differential Centrifugation
18.7. Isolation, Purification, and Fractionation of Proteins
18.8. Determining the Structure of Proteins and Multisubunit Complexes
18.9. Fractionation of Nucleic Acids
18.10. Nucleic Acid Hybridization
18.11. Chemical Synthesis of DNA
18.12. Recombinant DNA Technology
18.13. Enzymatic Amplification of DNA by PCR
18.14. DNA Sequencing
18.1.5 DNA Libraries
18.16. DNA Transfer into Eukaryotic Cells and Mammalian Embryos
18.17. Gene Editing and Silencing
18.18. The Use of Antibodies Additional Readings Glossary Index End User License Agreement