Karp´s Cell and Molecular Biology Concepts and Experiments – Gerald Karp – 9th Edition

Chapter 1: Introduction to the Study of Cell and Molecular Biology

1.1. The Discovery of Cells

1.2. Basic Properties of Cells

1.3. Two Fundamentally Different Classes of Cells

1.4. Viruses and Viroids

1.5. Green Cells: Volvox, an Experiment in Multicellularity

1.6. Engineering Linkage: Tissue Engineering Analytic Questions

Chapter 2: The Chemical Basis of Life

2.1. Covalent Bonds

2.2. Engineering Linkage: Radionuclides for Imaging and Treatment

2.3. Noncovalent Bonds

2.4. Acids, Bases, and Buffers

2.5. The Nature of Biological Molecules

2.6. Green Cells: Chemical Fertilizers

2.7. Four Types of Biological Molecules

2.8. The Formation of Complex Macromolecular Structures Analytic Questions

Chapter 3: Bioenergetics, Enzymes, and Metabolism

3.1. Bioenergetics

3.2. Enzymes as Biological Catalysts

3.3. Metabolism

3.4. Green Cells: Regulation of Metabolism by the Light/Dark Cycle

3.5. Engineering Linkage: Using Metabolism to Image Tumors Analytic Questions

Chapter 4: The Structure and Function of the Plasma Membrane

4.1. Introduction to the Plasma Membrane

4.2. The Chemical Composition of Membranes

4.3. Membrane Proteins

4.4. Membrane Lipids and Membrane Fluidity

4.5. The Dynamic Nature of the Plasma Membrane

4.6. The Movement of Substances across Cell Membranes

4.7. Membrane Potentials and Nerve Impulses

4.8. Green Cells: Electrical Signaling in Plants

4.9. Engineering Linkage: Neurotechnology Analytic Questions

Chapter 5: Aerobic Respiration and the Mitochondrion

5.1. Mitochondrial Structure and Function

5.2. Aerobic Metabolism in the Mitochondrion

5.3. The Role of Mitochondria in the Formation of ATP

5.4. Engineering Linkage: Measuring Blood Oxygen

5.5. Establishment of a Proton-Motive Force

5.6. The Machinery for ATP Formation

5.7. Peroxisomes

5.8. Green Cells: Glyoxysomes Analytic Questions

Chapter 6: Photosynthesis and the Chloroplast

6.1. The Origin of Photosynthesis

6.2. Chloroplast Structure

6.3. An Overview of Photosynthetic Metabolism

6.4. The Absorption of Light

6.5. Green Cells: Chromoplasts

6.6. Photosynthetic Units and Reaction Centers

6.7. Photophosphorylation

6.8. Carbon Dioxide Fixation and the Synthesis of Carbohydrate

6.9. Engineering Linkage: Photodynamic Therapy Analytic Questions

Chapter 7: Interactions Between Cells and Their Environment

7.1. Extracellular Interactions

7.2. Engineering Linkage: Organoids

7.3. Interactions of Cells with Extracellular Materials

7.4. Interactions of Cells with Other Cells

7.5. Tight Junctions: Sealing the Extracellular Space

7.6. Intercellular Communication

7.7. Cell Walls

7.8. Green Cells: Cell Walls and Plant Terrestrialization Analytic Questions

Chapter 8: Cytoplasmic Membrane Systems: Structure, Function, and Membrane Traff...

8.1. An Overview of the Endomembrane System

8.2. A Few Approaches to the Study of Endomembranes

8.3. The Endoplasmic Reticulum

8.4. The Golgi Complex

8.5. Types of Vesicle Transport

8.6. Engineering Linkage: Extracellular Vesicles for Drug Delivery

8.7. Lysosomes

8.8 Green Cells: Plant Cell Vacuoles

8.9. The Endocytic Pathway: Moving Membrane and Materials into the Cell Interior

8.10. Posttranslational Uptake of Proteins by Peroxisomes, Mitochondria, and Chlo... Analytic Questions

Chapter 9: The Cytoskeleton and Cell Motility

9.1. Overview of the Major Functions of the Cytoskeleton

9.2. Structure and Function of Microtubules

9.3. Green Cells: Why the Woodbine Twineth

9.4. Motor Proteins: Kinesins and Dyneins

9.5. Microtubule-Organizing Centers (MTOCs)

9.6. Structure and Function of Cilia and Flagella

9.7. Intermediate Filaments

9.8. Actin and Myosin

9.9. Muscle Organization and Contraction

9.10. Engineering Linkage: Muscle Biomechanics

9.11. Actin-Binding Proteins

9.12. Cellular Motility

9.13. The Bacterial Cytoskeleton Analytic Questions

Chapter 10: The Nature of the Gene and the Genome

10.1. The Concept of a Gene as a Unit of Inheritance

10.2. The Discovery of Chromosomes

10.3. Chromosomes as the Carriers of Genetic Information

10.4. The Chemical Nature of the Gene

10.5. The Complexity of the Genome

10.6. The Stability of the Genome

10.7. Sequencing Genomes: The Footprints of Biological Evolution

10.8. Engineering Linkage: Engineering Genomes

10.9. The Genetic Basis of Being Human

10.10. Green Cells: Gene Transfer by Agrobacterium tumefaciens Analytic Questions

Chapter 11: The Central Dogma: DNA to RNA to Protein

11.1. The Relationships among Genes, Proteins, and RNAs

11.2. An Overview of Transcription in Both Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells

11.3. Synthesis and Processing of Eukaryotic Ribosomal and Transfer RNAs

11.4. Synthesis and Structure of Eukaryotic Messenger RNAs

11.5. Small Regulatory RNAs and RNA Silencing Pathways

11.6. Green Cells: Long-Range siRNA Movement

11.7. CRISPR and Other Noncoding RNAs

11.8. Encoding Genetic Information

11.9. Decoding the Codons: The Role of Transfer RNAs

11.10. Translating Genetic Information

11.11. Engineering Linkage: DNA Origami Analytic Questions

Chapter 12: Control of Gene Expression

12.1. Control of Gene Expression in Bacteria

12.2. Engineering Linkage: Building Digital Logic with Genes

12.3. Structure of the Nuclear Envelope

12.4. Chromosomes and Chromatin

12.5. The Nucleus as an Organized Organelle

12.6. An Overview of Gene Regulation in Eukaryotes

12.7. Transcriptional Control

12.8. Green Cells: The ABC Model and MADS Domain Transcription Factors

12.9. RNA Processing Control

12.10. Translational Control

12.11. Posttranslational Control: Determining Protein Stability Analytic Questions

Chapter 13: DNA Replication and Repair

13.1. DNA Replication

13.2. DNA Replication in Bacterial Cells

13.3. The Structure and Functions of DNA Polymerases

13.4. Replication in Viruses

13.5. Engineering Linkage: Storing Data in DNA

13.6. DNA Replication in Eukaryotic Cells

13.7. DNA Repair

13.8. Green Cells: Gamma Gardens

13.9. Between Replication and Repair Analytic Questions

Chapter 14: Cell Division

14.1. The Cell Cycle

14.2. M Phase: Mitosis and Cytokinesis

14.3. Engineering Linkage: The Role of Membrane Tension in Cell Division

14.4. Green Cells: Unique Aspects of Plant Cell Division

14.5. Meiosis Analytic Questions

Chapter 15: Cell Signaling and Signal Transduction: Communication between Cells

15.1. The Basic Elements of Cell Signaling Systems

15.2. A Survey of Extracellular Messages and Their Receptors

15.3. G Protein-Coupled Receptors and Their Second Messengers

15.4. Engineering Linkage: Biosensors in Medicine and Biology

15.5. Protein-Tyrosine Phosphorylation as a Mechanism for Signal Transduction

15.6. Green Cells: Auxin Signaling

15.7. The Role of Calcium as an Intracellular Messenger

15.8. Convergence, Divergence, and Cross-Talk among Different Signaling Pathways

15.9. The Role of NO as an Intracellular Messenger

15.10. Apoptosis (Programmed Cell Death) Analytic Questions

Chapter 16: Cancer

16.1. Basic Properties of a Cancer Cell

16.2. The Causes of Cancer

16.3. Cancer: A Genetic Disorder

16.4. Engineering Linkage: Therapeutic Radiation

16.5. Green Cells: Plant-Based Chemotherapies

16.6. Strategies for Combating Cancer

Chapter 17: The Immune Response

17.1. An Overview of the Immune Response

17.2. Green Cells: The Plant Immune System

17.3. The Clonal Selection Theory as It Applies to B Cells

17.4. T Lymphocytes: Activation and Mechanism of Action

17.5. Selected Topics on the Cellular and Molecular Basis of Immunity

17.6. Engineering Linkage: Adoptive T-Cell Therapy

17.7. Signal Transduction Pathways in Lymphocyte Activation

Chapter 18: Techniques in Cell and Molecular Biology

18.1. The Light Microscope

18.2. Transmission Electron Microscopy

18.3. Scanning Electron and Atomic Force Microscopy

18.4. The Use of Radioisotopes

18.5. Cell Culture

18.6. The Fractionation of a Cell's Contents by Differential Centrifugation

18.7. Isolation, Purification, and Fractionation of Proteins

18.8. Determining the Structure of Proteins and Multisubunit Complexes

18.9. Fractionation of Nucleic Acids

18.10. Nucleic Acid Hybridization

18.11. Chemical Synthesis of DNA

18.12. Recombinant DNA Technology

18.13. Enzymatic Amplification of DNA by PCR

18.14. DNA Sequencing

18.1.5 DNA Libraries

18.16. DNA Transfer into Eukaryotic Cells and Mammalian Embryos

18.17. Gene Editing and Silencing

18.18. The Use of Antibodies Additional Readings Glossary Index End User License Agreement