Transport Processes and Separation Process Principles – Christie John Geankoplis, A. Allen Hersel, Daniel H. Lepek – 5th Edition

Part 1: Transport Processes: Momentum, Heat, and Mass

Chapter 1: Introduction to Engineering Principles and Units
1.0 Chapter Objectives
1.1 Classification of Transport Processes and Separation Processes (Unit Operations)
1.2 SI System of Basic Units Used in This Text and Other Systems
1.3 Methods of Expressing Temperatures and Compositions
1.4 Gas Laws and Vapor Pressure
1.5 Conservation of Mass and Material Balances
1.6 Energy and Heat Units
1.7 Conservation of Energy and Heat Balances
1.8 Numerical Methods for Integration
1.9 Chapter Summary

Chapter 2: Introduction to Fluids and Fluid Statics
2.0 Chapter Objectives
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Fluid Statics
2.3 Chapter Summary

Chapter 3: Fluid Properties and Fluid Flows
3.0 Chapter Objectives
3.1 Viscosity of Fluids
3.2 Types of Fluid Flow and Reynolds Number
3.3 Chapter Summary

Chapter 4: Overall Mass, Energy, and Momentum Balances
4.0 Chapter Objectives
4.1 Overall Mass Balance and Continuity Equation
4.2 Overall Energy Balance
4.3 Overall Momentum Balance
4.4 Shell Momentum Balance and Velocity Profile in Laminar Flow
4.5 Chapter Summary

Chapter 5: Incompressible and Compressible Flows in Pipes
5.0 Chapter Objectives
5.1 Design Equations for Laminar and Turbulent Flow in Pipes
5.2 Compressible Flow of Gases
5.3 Measuring the Flow of Fluids
5.4 Chapter Summary

Chapter 6: Flows in Packed and Fluidized Beds
6.0 Chapter Objectives
6.1 Flow Past Immersed Objects
6.2 Flow in Packed Beds
6.3 Flow in Fluidized Beds
6.4 Chapter Summary

Chapter 7: Pumps, Compressors, and Agitation Equipment
7.0 Chapter Objectives
7.1 Pumps and Gas-Moving Equipment
7.2 Agitation, Mixing of Fluids, and Power Requirements
7.3 Chapter Summary

Chapter 8: Differential Equations of Fluid Flow
8.0 Chapter Objectives
8.1 Differential Equations of Continuity
8.2 Differential Equations of Momentum Transfer or Motion
8.3 Use of Differential Equations of Continuity and Motion
8.4 Chapter Summary

Chapter 9: Non-Newtonian Fluids
9.0 Chapter Objectives
9.1 Non-Newtonian Fluids
9.2 Friction Losses for Non-Newtonian Fluids
9.3 Velocity Profiles for Non-Newtonian Fluids
9.4 Determination of Flow Properties of Non-Newtonian Fluids Using a Rotational Viscometer
9.5 Power Requirements in Agitation and Mixing of Non-Newtonian Fluids
9.6 Chapter Summary

Chapter 10: Potential Flow and Creeping Flow
10.0 Chapter Objectives
10.1 Other Methods for Solution of Differential Equations of Motion
10.2 Stream Function
10.3 Differential Equations of Motion for Ideal Fluids (Inviscid Flow)
10.4 Potential Flow and Velocity Potential
10.5 Differential Equations of Motion for Creeping Flow
10.6 Chapter Summary

Chapter 11: Boundary-Layer and Turbulent Flow
11.0 Chapter Objectives
11.1 Boundary-Layer Flow
11.2 Turbulent Flow
11.3 Turbulent Boundary-Layer Analysis
11.4 Chapter Summary

Chapter 12: Introduction to Heat Transfer
12.0 Chapter Objectives
12.1 Energy and Heat Units
12.2 Conservation of Energy and Heat Balances
12.3 Conduction and Thermal Conductivity
12.4 Convection
12.5 Radiation
12.6 Heat Transfer with Multiple Mechanisms/Materials
12.7 Chapter Summary

Chapter 13: Steady-State Conduction
13.0 Chapter Objectives
13.1 Conduction Heat Transfer
13.2 Conduction Through Solids in Series or Parallel with Convection
13.3 Conduction with Internal Heat Generation
13.4 Steady-State Conduction in Two Dimensions Using Shape Factors
13.5 Numerical Methods for Steady-State Conduction in Two Dimensions
13.6 Chapter Summary

Chapter 14: Principles of Unsteady-State Heat Transfer
14.0 Chapter Objectives
14.1 Derivation of the Basic Equation
14.2 Simplified Case for Systems with Negligible Internal Resistance
14.3 Unsteady-State Heat Conduction in Various Geometries
14.4 Numerical Finite-Difference Methods for Unsteady-State Conduction
14.5 Chilling and Freezing of Food and Biological Materials
14.6 Differential Equation of Energy Change
14.7 Chapter Summary

Chapter 15: Introduction to Convection
15.0 Chapter Objectives
15.1 Introduction and Dimensional Analysis in Heat Transfer
15.2 Boundary-Layer Flow and Turbulence in Heat Transfer
15.3 Forced Convection Heat Transfer Inside Pipes
15.4 Heat Transfer Outside Various Geometries in Forced Convection
15.5 Natural Convection Heat Transfer
15.6 Boiling and Condensation
15.7 Heat Transfer of Non-Newtonian Fluids
15.8 Special Heat-Transfer Coefficients
15.9 Chapter Summary

Chapter 16: Heat Exchangers
16.0 Chapter Objectives
16.1 Types of Exchangers
16.2 Log-Mean-Temperature-Difference Correction Factors
16.3 Heat-Exchanger Effectiveness
16.4 Fouling Factors and Typical Overall U Values
16.5 Double-Pipe Heat Exchanger
16.6 Chapter Summary

Chapter 17: Introduction to Radiation Heat Transfer
17.0 Chapter Objectives
17.1 Introduction to Radiation Heat-Transfer Concepts
17.2 Basic and Advanced Radiation Heat-Transfer Principles
17.3 Chapter Summary

Chapter 18: Introduction to Mass Transfer
18.0 Chapter Objectives
18.1 Introduction to Mass Transfer and Diffusion
18.2 Diffusion Coefficient
18.3 Convective Mass Transfer
18.4 Molecular Diffusion Plus Convection and Chemical Reaction
18.5 Chapter Summary

Chapter 19: Steady-State Mass Transfer
19.0 Chapter Objectives
19.1 Molecular Diffusion in Gases
19.2 Molecular Diffusion in Liquids
19.3 Molecular Diffusion in Solids
19.4 Diffusion of Gases in Porous Solids and Capillaries
19.5 Diffusion in Biological Gels
19.6 Special Cases of the General Diffusion Equation at Steady State
19.7 Numerical Methods for Steady-State Molecular Diffusion in Two Dimensions
19.8 Chapter Summary

Chapter 20: Unsteady-State Mass Transfer
20.0 Chapter Objectives
20.1 Unsteady-State Diffusion
20.2 Unsteady-State Diffusion and Reaction in a Semi-Infinite Medium
20.3 Numerical Methods for Unsteady-State Molecular Diffusion
20.4 Chapter Summary

Chapter 21: Convective Mass Transfer
21.0 Chapter Objectives
21.1 Convective Mass Transfer
21.2 Dimensional Analysis in Mass Transfer
21.3 Mass-Transfer Coefficients for Various Geometries
21.4 Mass Transfer to Suspensions of Small Particles
21.5 Models for Mass-Transfer Coefficients
21.6 Chapter Summary

Part 2: Separation Process Principles

Chapter 22: Absorption and Stripping
22.0 Chapter Objectives
22.1 Equilibrium and Mass Transfer Between Phases
22.2 Introduction to Absorption
22.3 Pressure Drop and Flooding in Packed Towers
22.4 Design of Plate Absorption Towers
22.5 Design of Packed Towers for Absorption
22.6 Efficiency of Random-Packed and Structured Packed Towers
22.7 Absorption of Concentrated Mixtures in Packed Towers
22.8 Estimation of Mass-Transfer Coefficients for Packed Towers
22.9 Heat Effects and Temperature Variations in Absorption
22.10 Chapter Summary

Chapter 23: Humidification Processes
23.0 Chapter Objectives
23.1 Vapor Pressure of Water and Humidity
23.2 Introduction and Types of Equipment for Humidification
23.3 Theory and Calculations for Cooling-Water Towers
23.4 Chapter Summary

Chapter 24: Filtration and Membrane Separation Processes (Liquid–Liquid or Solid–Liquid Phase)
24.0 Chapter Objectives
24.1 Introduction to Dead-End Filtration
24.2 Basic Theory of Filtration
24.3 Membrane Separations
24.4 Microfiltration Membrane Processes
24.5 Ultrafiltration Membrane Processes
24.6 Reverse-Osmosis Membrane Processes
24.7 Dialysis
24.8 Chapter Summary

Chapter 25: Gaseous Membrane Systems
25.0 Chapter Objectives
25.1 Gas Permeation
25.2 Complete-Mixing Model for Gas Separation by Membranes
25.3 Complete-Mixing Model for Multicomponent Mixtures
25.4 Cross-Flow Model for Gas Separation by Membranes
25.5 Derivation of Equations for Countercurrent and Cocurrent Flow for Gas Separation by Membranes
25.6 Derivation of Finite-Difference Numerical Method for Asymmetric Membranes
25.7 Chapter Summary

Chapter 26: Distillation
26.0 Chapter Objectives
26.1 Equilibrium Relations Between Phases
26.2 Single and Multiple Equilibrium Contact Stages
26.3 Simple Distillation Methods
26.4 Binary Distillation with Reflux Using the McCabe–Thiele and Lewis Methods
26.5 Tray Efficiencies
26.6 Flooding Velocity and Diameter of Tray Towers Plus Simple Calculations for Reboiler and Condenser Duties
26.7 Fractional Distillation Using the Enthalpy–Concentration Method
26.8 Distillation of Multicomponent Mixtures
26.9 Chapter Summary

Chapter 27: Liquid–Liquid Extraction
27.0 Chapter Objectives
27.1 Introduction to Liquid–Liquid Extraction
27.2 Single-Stage Equilibrium Extraction
27.3 Types of Equipment and Design for Liquid–Liquid Extraction
27.4 Continuous Multistage Countercurrent Extraction
27.5 Chapter Summary

Chapter 28: Adsorption and Ion Exchange
28.0 Chapter Objectives
28.1 Introduction to Adsorption Processes
28.2 Batch Adsorption
28.3 Design of Fixed-Bed Adsorption Columns
28.4 Ion-Exchange Processes
28.5 Chapter Summary

Chapter 29: Crystallization and Particle Size Reduction
29.0 Chapter Objectives
29.1 Introduction to Crystallization
29.2 Crystallization Theory
29.3 Mechanical Size Reduction
29.4 Chapter Summary

Chapter 30: Settling, Sedimentation, and Centrifugation
30.0 Chapter Objectives
30.1 Settling and Sedimentation in Particle–Fluid Separation
30.2 Centrifugal Separation Processes
30.3 Chapter Summary

Chapter 31: Leaching
31.0 Chapter Objectives
31.1 Introduction and Equipment for Liquid–Solid Leaching
31.2 Equilibrium Relations and Single-Stage Leaching
31.3 Countercurrent Multistage Leaching
31.4 Chapter Summary

Chapter 32: Evaporation
32.0 Chapter Objectives
32.1 Introduction
32.2 Types of Evaporation Equipment and Operation Methods
32.3 Overall Heat-Transfer Coefficients in Evaporators
32.4 Calculation Methods for Single-Effect Evaporators
32.5 Calculation Methods for Multiple-Effect Evaporators
32.6 Condensers for Evaporators
32.7 Evaporation of Biological Materials
32.8 Evaporation Using Vapor Recompression
32.9 Chapter Summary

Chapter 33: Drying
33.0 Chapter Objectives
33.1 Introduction and Methods of Drying
33.2 Equipment for Drying
33.3 Vapor Pressure of Water and Humidity
33.4 Equilibrium Moisture Content of Materials
33.5 Rate-of-Drying Curves
33.6 Calculation Methods for a Constant-Rate Drying Period
33.7 Calculation Methods for the Falling-Rate Drying Period
33.8 Combined Convection, Radiation, and Conduction Heat Transfer in the Constant-Rate Period
33.9 Drying in the Falling-Rate Period by Diffusion and Capillary Flow
33.10 Equations for Various Types of Dryers
33.11 Freeze-Drying of Biological Materials
33.12 Unsteady-State Thermal Processing and Sterilization of Biological Materials
33.13 Chapter Summary

Part 3: Appendixes
Appendix A.1 Fundamental Constants and Conversion Factors
Appendix A.2 Physical Properties of Water
Appendix A.3 Physical Properties of Inorganic and Organic Compounds
Appendix A.4 Physical Properties of Foods and Biological Materials
Appendix A.5 Properties of Pipes, Tubes, and Screens
Appendix A.6 Lennard-Jones Potentials as Determined from Viscosity Data

Notation
Index